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uworld naplex > NAPLEX: Infectious Disease I (Bacterial) > Flashcards

NAPLEX: Infectious Disease I (Bacterial) Flashcards

1
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters indicates _______ whereas pairs indicates ________ or _____________.

A

clusters: staph
Pairs: strep, enterococcus

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2
Q

SPACE bugs

A

Serratia
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Citrobacter
Enterobacter

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3
Q

HNPEK bugs

A

Haemophilus, Neisseria, Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella

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4
Q

Selection pressure definition

A

resistance occurs when ABX kill off susceptible bacteria and leave the resistance strains that multiply more

Ex. VRE

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5
Q

Zosyn covers what additional bugs on top of aminopenicillins with a b lactamase inhibitor

A

pseudomonas
SPACE bugs

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6
Q

Which abx has BBW for C. Diff?

A

Clindamycin

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7
Q

The addition of a beta-lactamase inhibitor adds activity for what?

A

Klebsiella (Aminopenicillins only cover HNPE- no K)
MSSA
B frag

(Aminopenicillins already cover strep, enterococci, mouth flora, and HNPE (no k)

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8
Q

Which is IV, PO, and IM
Penicillin VK
Bicillin L-A
Penicillin G Aqueous

A

PO: Penicillin VK
IM: Bicillin L-A
IV: Penicillin G Aqueous

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9
Q

Which abx class has risk for seizures with accumulation

A

(All beta lactams)
Penicillins
Cephalosporines
Carbapenems

Quinolones- DO NOT USE W SEIZURE DISORDER

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10
Q

Which abx class has a risk for hemolytic anemia

A

Penicillins
Cephalosporines
Bactrim
Nitrofurantoin

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11
Q

IV amp and unasyn have to be diluted in

A

NS

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12
Q

Which generation?
Cefazolin
Cefotetan
Cefepime
Cefuroxime

A

Cefazolin 1
Cefotetan 2
Cefepime 4
Cefuroxime 2

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13
Q

Which generation?
Cephalexin
Ceftaroline
ceftazidime

A

Cephalexin 1
Ceftaroline 5
ceftazidime 3

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14
Q

all cephalosporines cover HNPEK except for which generation

A

1

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15
Q

Which generation?
ceftriaxone
cefotaxime
cefdinir
cefoxitin

A

ceftriaxone 3
cefotaxime 3
cefdinir 3
cefoxitin 2

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16
Q

Which abx class should not be used in neonates due to risk of kernicterus

A

cephalosporines

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17
Q

Which TWO ABX can cause a disulfram reaction with alcohol

A

Cefotetan
Metronidazole

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18
Q

Ceftriaxone + ___________ in the same line can cause precipitation

A

calcium

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19
Q

Ertapenem doesn’t cover against _______ like the other carbapenems

A

PEA:

Pseudomonas
Enterococcus
Acinetobacter

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20
Q

Aztreonam indication

A

Pseudomonas or Gram -
Plus B lactam allergy

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21
Q

Goal trough for aminoglycosides (treatment)

A

<2

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22
Q

Traditional IV dosing for aminoglycosides (mg/kg)

A

1-2.5mg/kg/dose

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23
Q

Extended IV dosing interval for aminoglycosides (mg/kg)

A

7mg/kg/dose

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24
Q

When is a level drawn for extended dosing aminoglycosides

A

random level after the first dose (6-14 hours after)

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25
Q

What does the Hartford diagram demonstrate

A

Used to plot the patient’s level on the Ainoglycoside curve to determine interval

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26
Q

If the gent level falls on the line of the Hartford nomogram, use (higher/lower) interval

A

Higher (more spaced out)

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27
Q

Which ABX MOA?
Inhibit DNA topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase (topo ii)

A

Quinolones

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28
Q

Tendon rupture SE- which ABX

A

quinolones

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28
Q

Quinolones:
Which is not a respiratory quinolone?

Which 2 have activity against pseudomonas?

Which is not for treatment of UTI?

A

Which is not a respiratory quinolone? Cipro

Which 2 have activity against pseudomonas? Cipro, levo

Which is not for treatment of UTI? Moxi

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29
Q

Peripheral neuropathy SE- Which ABX

A

Quinolones

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30
Q

ABX that cause glycemic changes

A

Quinolones

31
Q

QT Prolonging ABX

A

Quinolones (highest with Moxi)

Macrolides

32
Q

ABX that cause psychiatric disturbances

A

Quinolones

33
Q

ABX that have interactions with antacids

A

Quinolones

Tetracyclines

Cefuroxime, cefpodoxime

34
Q

MOA: bind 50S ribosomal subunit and inh RNA dependent protein synthesis

A

Macrolides

35
Q

Which ABX has a SE of Hepatotoxicity

A

Macrolides

36
Q

MOA: Bind to the 30S ribosome. Which ABX?

A

tetracycline

37
Q

Which abx have a risk for DILE

A

minocycline

38
Q

Doxycycline IV to PO

A

1:1

39
Q

Which ABX should not be used with a G6PD deficiency

A

Bactrim

39
Q

MOA: inhibit the folic acid pathway

A

sulfonamides

40
Q

Which Abx have a risk of SJS

A

Bactrim

41
Q

Bactrim increases which electrolyte

A

K

42
Q

Which abx has a risk of crystaluria

A

Bactrim

43
Q

The SMX to TMP dosing ratio is ____:____ and dosed off the _____ component

A

5:1
TMP

43
Q

Which ABX has a increased risk INR when used with Warfarin

A

Bactrim

44
Q

At what crcl should vanco be dosed as q24h?

A

20-49

45
Q

Which ABX cannot be administered concurrently with UFH

Which ABX requires a washout of 5 days before using UFH

A
  1. Televancin
  2. Oritavancin
45
Q

MOA: Bind D-ala-D-ala

A

Vanco
AND Lipoglycopeptides (-vancin)

46
Q

Which abx causes incr CPK

A

Daptomycin

47
Q

Which drug requires caution with serotonin drugs

A

Linezolid

48
Q

MOA Binds 50S subunit

A

Linezolid
Clindamycin

49
Q

Which abx has a BBW of death and is not used often

A

Tigecycline

50
Q

Which abx are used for MDR gram negative pathogens and have a neprotoxicity risk

A

Polymixin V

51
Q

Which drug cannot be used with a + D test? What is the appearance of the disks to indicate + D test?

A

Clinda
Flattened zone in the middle

52
Q

Metronidazole is CI in ____ trimester of pregnancy

A

1

53
Q

At what crcl can Nitrofurantoin not be used?

A

<60

54
Q

List the drugs that cover pseudomonas

A

(7)
Zosyn
Cefepime
Ceftazidime
Aztrenam
Cirpo
Levo
TIC
Tobramycin
Imipenem + carbapenem

55
Q

Which abx cover MRSA

A

(7)
Vanco
Dapto
Linezolid
Doxycycline
Ceftaroline
Bactrim
Clindamycin

56
Q

Which abx cover atypicals?

A

(3)
Azithro
Doxyxycline
Quinolones

57
Q

Which ABX cover HNPEK bugs

A

ABBCCQ
Aminoglycosides
Beta lactams
Bactrim
Cephalosporines (not first gen)
Carbapenems
Quinolones

58
Q

First line CRE

A

Avycaz

58
Q

Which abx cover SPACE bugs

A

(4)
Zosyn
Cefepime
Carbapenems
Aminoglycosides

59
Q

Which Abx can you not refrigerate

A

Cefdinir
Bactrim IV
Metronidazole IV
Moxiflox IV

59
Q

Which 2 cephalosporines should be seperated from antacids

A

Cefuroxime
Cefpodoxime

59
Q

Which antibiotic leaves a metallic taste in your mouth

A

metronidazole

60
Q

How long should you not drink alcohol after taking metronidazole
3 days

A

3 days

61
Q

There is Bactrim and Bactrim DS- what are the dosages of each

A

Bactrim: S 400/ T 80

Bactrim DS (double strength): 800/160

62
Q

Which covers MRSA?
Ortavancin
Tedizolid
Polymixin

A

Ortavancin

63
Q

Which quinolone covers MRSA?

A

Delafloxacin

64
Q

Which are oral?
Cefuroxime
Cefpodoxime
Cefotaxime
Cefotetan

A

Cefuroxime
Cefpodoxime
Cefotaxime (ALSO IV)

64
Q

Which of the following interfere with coagulation lab assays?
Bactrim
Daptomycin
Linezolid
Ortavancin
Televancin

A

Daptomycin
Ortavancin
Televancin

65
Q

Which are side effects of gentamycin?
Cardiotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Pulmonary toxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

A

Neurotox
Nephrotox
Ototox

66
Q

Which abx requires a negative pregnancy test before use

A

Televancin

67
Q

Which antibiotic IV has to be kept at room temperature
Clinda
Metronidazole
Ampicillin
Cipro
Vanco

A

Metronidazole

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