NAPLEX Flashcards
What are the five aspects of the Model of the Pharmacist Patient Care Process
- Collect
- Assess
- Plan
- Implement
- Follow-up, monitor, & evaluate
What are some differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary literature?
Primary - Original research publications usually published in peer-reviewed journals
Secondary - Interpretations and reviews of primary sources as well as abstraction and indexing services. Examples: review articles, meta-analysis, systematic reviews, practice guidelines, indexing programs like PubMed.
Tertiary - Combines 1 and 2 sources to create textbooks, encyclopedic articles, guidebooks, handbooks, and electronic information databases such as UpToDate, MicroMedex, LexiComp, etc.
List the following in descending order in terms of level of evidence.
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
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Match the following definition:
A systemic review that uses quantitative methods to summarize the results.
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Meta-anaylsis
Match the following definition:
A systematic search, appraisal, and summary of all of the literature for a specific topic.
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Systemic review
Match the following definition:
A study of a randomized group of specific patients in an experimental group and a control group with specific variables and outcomes of interest.
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Randomized controlled trial
Match the following definition:
Identification of two groups of patients, one that received a treatment and one that did not, and studies of these groups going forward for the outcome.
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Cohort study
Match the following definition:
Identification of pts who have the outcome of interest and control pt without the same outcome and studies of the outcome of an exposure or treatment of interest
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Case-control study
Match the following definition:
Handbook, textbook, electronic info databases, editorials
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Background info and expert opinion
Match the following definition:
Research studies at the bottom of clinical evidence but may generate ideas and/or fundamental knowledge which ultimately may lead to clinical therapy.
- Cohort study
- Meta-anaylsis
- Background info and expert opinion
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case-control study
- Animal research and lab studies
- Systemic review
- Animal research and lab studies
Can you list some differences between Physician’s Desk Reference, Orange Book, Purple Book, and Red Book?
Which is which?
Approval Drug Products w/ Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluation –> Provided bioequivalence.
Provided availability, pricing on prescription and OTC products, dosage form info, size, strength, route of administration, NDCs, AWP, in addition to sugar-free, lactose-free, and alcohol-free products.
Only contains information on FDA approved medications and indications.
List of Licensed Biological Products with Reference Products Exclusivity and Biosimilarity or Interchangeability Evaluations.
Orange
Red
Physician’s Desk Reference
Purple
AMP
WAC
AWP
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What does REMS stand for?
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies
Where could you go to find:
- Do Not Crush List
- FDA BB Warnings
- Consumer info or medication misuse
- Error prone abbreviations
- FDA pt safety news
- High alert meds
- Go here to report medication errors & find root cause analysis workbook
- SALAD (look alike, sound alike drugs)
- Tall man lettering
ISMP (institute for safe medication practices)
- ) If a patient has an adverse drug effect or a medication error has occurred, who should you report it to?
- ) If the above resulted in a serious rxn or near miss, who else should you report it to?
- ) Pharmacist and prescriber
2. ) FDA via medwatch
What do FAERS and VAERS stand for and what are they?
FDA Adverse Event Reporting System
Vaccination Adverse Event Reporting System
They are databases that contain info on adverse events and medication errors reported to the FDA.
When discarding medications and medication take back programs and/or DEA authorized containers/collectors are unavailable, what can you do?
MOST meds can be disposed of in house hold trash.
- ) Mix meds w/ an unpalatable substance like dirt, coffee grounds or kitty litter.
- ) Do not crush tablets of open capsules
- ) Put the mixture in a sealable plastic bag and discard in trash
- ) B/4 discarding the bottle, scratch out all personal information.
If the medication is a controlled substance, DO NOT DISCARD IN TRASH (to protect from children, pets, and abusers) Flush these guys down the toilet. For Fish, Wildlife and Drinking Water Stewardship the FDA recommends ONLY these controlled substances be disposed of in wastewater.
Definition: Inability to properly metabolize or use glucose
Glucose intolerance
Definition: Cells become resistant to insulin and are unable to use it effectively.
Insulin resistance
What is the difference between glucose intolerance and insulin resistance?
Glucose intolerance is when your body can’t metabolize or use glucose. Your body is intolerant to it. Its there, your body just can’t do anything with it.
Insulin resistance is when your body basically ignores insulin and is unable to use it.
What is/are the mechanism(s) of action for Metformin?
- ) inhibition of hepatic glucose production
- ) increase glucose uptake in peripheral tissues
- ) decreased intestinal absorption of glucose
What is the generic name for Glucophage?
Metformin IR
What is the brand name for Metformin IR?
Glucophage
List one vitamin you might want to monitor while on metformin.
B12…long term use (> 1 yr) can decrease B12