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AU17 - Dental Materials 3 Final > Nanotechnology > Flashcards

Nanotechnology Flashcards

1
Q

Nano = 10 ^ ____

A

-9

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2
Q

Human hair is ____ microns.

A

100

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3
Q

True or False: Nano is working on a scale less than 50nm

A

False, less than 500 nm

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4
Q

What are three applications of nanoscale in dental materials?

A

nanofillers
nanophase
nanoroughness

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5
Q

True or False: Microelectronics is a bottom-up approach.

A

False, Top-down (“Lab on a chip”)

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6
Q

Nanotechnology requires control of _______ through a biological approach.

A

specific interactions

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7
Q

Describe the steps of biological self-assembly.

A
  1. purified protein isolated from cells
  2. exposure of protein to a high concentration of urea
  3. protein becomes denatured
  4. remove urea
  5. reformation of the original conformation of the protein
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8
Q

Composition of enamel:
____% hydroxyapatite
matrix is _______

A

90% HA

amelogenin matrix

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9
Q

Composition of dentin:
____% hydroxyapatite
matrix is _____

A

67% HA

Collagen I matrix

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10
Q

True or False: Nanomaterials have different properties.

A

True (? seems obvi)

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11
Q

As the size scale decreases toward nano particles, there is a _____ proportion of particles on the surface.

A

higher

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12
Q

What are two examples of nanostructured carbon?

A

graphite

diamond

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13
Q

True or False: Nanostructured carbon has unusual properties.

A

True

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14
Q

Which properties are changed in nanostructured carbon?

A

electronic
physical
optical
biological

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15
Q

True or False: Nano composites have better wear properties.

A

True

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16
Q

True or False: Nano composites have better control of color and optics.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the most prominent example of nanotechnology in dentistry?

A

nanofillers

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18
Q

What are the different components of composite resins?

A

Resin: bis-GMA-TEGDMA
Photoinitiator

Filler: Silica
Coupling Agent

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19
Q

Which component of composite resin is the organic phase?

A

resin (bis-GMA)

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20
Q

Which component of composite resin is the inorganic phase?

A

filler (silica)

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21
Q

It is important to balance the handling characterists with ____, wear, and shrinkage.

A

strength

22
Q

What are the advantages to nanofillers?

A

wear
color
polishability

23
Q

What are the disadvantages of nanofillers?

A

resin viscosity increase

low levels of filler

24
Q

True or False: Increased filler volume is the same as increased filler size.

A

False

25
Q

Increased filler volume will increase ______ and ____.

A

strength and viscosity

26
Q

Increased filler size will increase _____.

A

surface roughness

27
Q

Increased filler size will decrease _____.

A

shrinkage

28
Q

What are two types of fillers?

A

silicate glass

colloidal silica

29
Q

Which filler is larger, silicate glass or colloidal silica?

A

silicate glass

collo-idal is lid-al

30
Q

Filler amount for hybrid dental composite is _____ % weight.

A

75-80

31
Q

Which type of filler leaves the roughest surface?

A

Macrofill

32
Q

Which type of filler is conventionally used?

A

midifill

33
Q

What are the two types of fatigue that are evaluated for composites?

A

surface contact

flexural

34
Q

True or False: Increased particle size results in increased size of wear facets.

A

True

35
Q

Rank the visual opacity of the nanocomposites: Microfill vs FST vs Hybrid.

A 
Most Translucent:
.
.
FST (Filtek Supreme Translucent)
Microfill
Hybrid
.
.
Most Opaque
36
Q

What is the problem with nanofillers in Glass Ionomer cements?

A

increased surface area leads to rapid setting and higher viscosity

37
Q

What type of resin and glass is in Ketac Nano?

A

methacrylate resin
AlFSiO glass

(ketAC….methaAC….Nano…small like an Elf…AlF-SiO)

38
Q

True or False: Ketac Nano has an independent acid-base setting reaction which makes it a GI cement.

A

False! does not have an acid base setting reatction and is not really a GI cement

39
Q

What makes RMGI different from compomers/composites?

A 
GI = acid-base reaction which is independent of light cure
Composites = require visible light to cure
40
Q

True or False: The fear of nanotoxicity from dental materials is justified.

A

False, no clinical data or studies

41
Q

True or False: Nanoparticles are known to be hazardous to the cardiovascular system.

A

True

42
Q

True or False: studies confirmed that there is no conclusive human risk from nanoparticles in dental composites.

A

True

43
Q

What are functional nanofillers?

A

adding nanoparticles that will release ions such as calcium, phosphate, and fluoride to aid in remineralization or silver for antibacterial properties

44
Q

What are whisker composites?

A

whiskers are SiN fibers that are created through fusion of silica particles and used in visible light cured systems

45
Q

True or False: Whiskers have high strength compared to silica.

A

True

46
Q

True or False: Whiskers have better crack stopping properties

A

True, aspect ratio makes it difficult for cracks to propagate

47
Q

Functional whiskers contain added ____- nanoparticles that will dissolve quickly and leave voids.

A

Calcium Phosphate (CaPO4)

48
Q

What is POSS?

A

Polyhedral Silsesquixanes

  • Smallest silica particle
  • unimolecular
  • highly functional
  • commercially available
49
Q

POSS provided _____ at low loading levels.

A

reinforcement

50
Q

POSS showed evidence of ____ at higher loading levels.

A

aggregation

51
Q

What is a dendrimer?

A

unimolecular, low viscosity material that has been considered in replacing the monomer component

AU17 - Dental Materials 3 Final (6 decks)

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