Nanotechnology Flashcards
This is the Greek word for “extremely small.”
Nano
This is the size range for nanoparticles.
1 to 100nm
This is a very small unit of measurements equal to one billionth of a meter.
Nanometer
This is the thickness of a sheet of paper.
100,000 nanometers
This is a relatively new field of science and engineering focused on the very small. Devices are less than 100 nanometers in size.
Nanotechnology
An American Physicist “molecular building with atomic precision.”
Richard Feynman 1959
He described semiconductor processes such as thin film deposition and ion beam milling exhibiting characteristic control on the order of a nanometer.
Norio Taniguchi 1974
“Molecular Nanotechnology” (MNT) or “molecular manufacturing”.
K. Eric Drexler 1981
This is the year wherein NanoSystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation was created.
1992
They discovered scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
Gerd Binning and Heinrich Rohrer 1981
This person invented the first atomic force microscope.
Binnig, Calvin Quate and Christoph Gerber 1986
IBM researcher was the first to manipulate atoms using a scanning tunneling microscope, to spell out the IBM logo.
Don Eigler 1989
This person discovered carbon nanotubes.
Sumio Ijima of NEC 1991
This person proposed the National Nanotechnology.
Mihail Roco 1999
This person created a novel on artificial swarm nanorobots which developed intelligence and threaten their human inventors.
Michael Chrichton 2002
This is the company that estimated over 1300 manufacturer-identified nanotech products publically available.
Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies 2011
Swiss Physicist co-invented the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), a non-optical instrument that allows the observation of individual atoms in three dimensions, with Gerd.
Dr. Heinrich Rohrer
This is the use of nanotechnology to enhance the sustainability of the environment.
Green Nanotechnology
This is the practice of engineering on the nanoscale.
Nano Engineering
This is the insertion of nanotechnology into biology.
Nano Biotech
This involved working up to large masses from small ones.
WET Nanotechnology.
True or False: Nanotechnology can create materials with small surface area-to-volume ratio that can lead to increased reactivity, strength, and conductivity.
False, it has a large surface area-to-volume ratio.
This is the benefit of nanomaterials due to its stronger, lighter, and durable nature than traditional materials. Examples of which are, stronger lightweight boats, sporting equipment, autoparts, and personal care items such as glasses.
Improved Materials
We can use nanomaterials to create more efficient batteries, solar cells and fuel cells. These materials can help reduce our reliance on fossil fuels and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
EX: efficient solar panels, batteries, and other energy storage devices, insulation of buildings.
Increased energy efficiency.
We can use nanotechnology to create more targeted and effective drugs, as well as diagnostic tools and medical devices.
EX: development of new treatments for chronic illnesses such as depression. improved education for patients about their conditions, treatment options, and likely outcomes.
Enhanced medical treatments.
We can use nanomaterials to create more effective filters for removing contaminants from water.
Improved water filtration and purification
With the help of nanotechnology, we can create sensors for detecting food contaminants, as well as fertilizers and pesticides that are more targeted and less harmful to the environment.
EX: nano sensors that detect pathogens and contaminants in food, improving food safety, fertilizers.
Improved food safety and agriculture
The absence of clear regulations and safety standards can lead to inadequate protection for workers and consumers from exposure to potentially harmful nanoparticles. This can result in negative impacts on human health and the environment.
Limited Regulation and Lack of Safety Standards
Regulatory bodies such as FDA and OSHA are working towards developing guidelines for the safe handling and disposal of nanomaterials.
The Risks of Accidental Release of Nanoparticles
Automation is one area where nanotechnology could lead to job loss.
Workforce Displacement and Job Loss.
Nanotechnologies fall under same regulations as conventional technologies although a familiar material that’s generally regarded as safe might not be so safe when it’s nano sized.
Materials act differently on the nano scale.
This makes nanoparticles hard to monitor their use and dispersal in the environment.
Nanoparticles are difficult to detect.
Our lives, relationships and ways of looking at the world may change in plenty of ways.
Unpredictable
The military is interested in nanotechnology for various purposes, including increased surveillance, exploration of oceans, augmenting human performance, and developing stronger and cheaper materials.
Potential for Misuse and Military Applications
Air pollution caused by various sources, including wildfires, has been linked to a wide range of health issues such as reduced lung function, exacerbation of asthma and heart failure, and premature death.
Unforeseen Health and Environmental Risks
