Biotechnology & Gene Therapy

Question 1

This is the utilization of organisms, part of an organisms, or any biological process to benefit mankind.

Answer 1

Biotechnology

Question 2

This is a classic example of biotechnology used in bread making.

Answer 2

Fermentation

Question 3

These are 3 more examples of biotechnology being applied into our lives.

Answer 3

1. Wine Production
2. Hepatitis B Vaccine
3. Golden Rice Production

Question 4

This is the component and products where grape juice can be turned into wine.

Answer 4

Yeast and turns into Alcohol and Carbon Dioxide.

Question 5

This is the reason why Golden Rice (GMO) has its yellow color.

Answer 5

B-Carotene and turns into Vitamin A when consumed.

Question 6

This disease uses gene therapy particularly in two ways, changing the individual’s genome, making it non-inheritable, or via early embryos that inherits the gene disorder.

Answer 6

Down Syndrome

Question 7

Viral vector-mediated gene therapy is one potential avenue for rectifying the fundamental molecular defect. This approach may also be amenable to other genetic disorders associated with ASDs.

Answer 7

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 8

This disease has no cure, but associated problems are treatable which are: testosterone replacement therapy. speech and language therapy during childhood to help with speech development.

Answer 8

Klinefelter Syndrome

Question 9

This is an irreparable disorder and treatment is based on symptoms and needs. Patients undergo periodic screenings to address as such.

Answer 9

Triple X Syndrome

Question 10

This disease does not have a cure, but estrogen replacement therapy can aid the development of secondary sex characteristics.

Answer 10

Turner Syndrome

Question 11

The treatment of this disease is focused on the symptoms they have. There are two ways in which gene therapy could tackle DS: somatically i.e. making changes to an individual’s genome that cannot be inherited, or via the germline i.e. making changes to the genome of very early embryos that may then be inherited.

Answer 11

Trisomy 18 or Down Syndrome

Question 12

This is a serious, rare genetic disorder caused by having an additional copy of chromosome 13 in some or all of the body’s cells. Treatment for babies is focused on the symptoms.

Answer 12

Trisomy 13 or Patau Syndrome

Question 13

This is a group of genetic conditions and gene therapy treats it via retrovirus vectors, adenovirus vectors, and CRISPR/Cas9. It has shown remarkable progress in animal models.

Answer 13

Albinism

Question 14

This is a rare syndrome causing physical and intellectual disability. Most cases of are caused by the child not getting a copy of the UBE3A gene from its mother, or the gene not working. This means there’s no active copy of the gene in the child’s brain.

Answer 14

Angelman Syndrome

Question 15

HLA-B27gene variant. Research has shown more than 8 out of 10 people with AS carry a particular gene variant known as human leukocyte antigen B27 (HLA-B27).

Answer 15

Ankylosing Spondylitis

Question 16

Children with this disease typically need to undergo surgery at an early age (usually when they are six to nine months old) in order to relieve pressure on the brain and allow the head to grow. Several surgeries are generally needed to correct the associated head and facial deformities.

Answer 16

Apert Syndrome

Question 17

Traditionally, CMT pathophysiology has been categorized into 2 processes:a predominant demyelinating process resulting in low conduction velocities (CMT1) and a predominant axonal process resulting in low potential amplitudes (CMT2).

Answer 17

Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

Question 18

This is an example of such a potentially treatable monogenic disease. CAH is an autosomal recessive inherited disease with an overall incidence of 1:9500-1:20,000 newborns. To date,there are several promising drugs for CAH gene therapy.

Answer 18

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 19

This is a genetic mutation that targets a transmembrane conductance regulator protein.

Answer 19

Cystic Fibrosis