Nanosafety and toxicology Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of respiration
A
- Ventilation
- Gas exchange in lung
- Gas transport in blood
- Gas exchange in peripheral tissue
2
Q
Functions of airways
A
- Transport function
- Heater
- Humidifier
- Filter
3
Q
Asthma
A
- common airway disease
- 300 million individuals worldwide
- more common among younger
- allergic history common
- reversible
- GINA guidelines (- Global Initiative for asthma: Guidelines for asthma management and prevention)
4
Q
COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary decease)
A
- third leading cause of death
- increased incidence worldwide
- common among elderly
- smoke related airway disease
- Lung tissue destroyed - not reversible
- GOLD guidelines (- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease)
5
Q
Symptoms of and risk factors for asthma
A
- Allergens
- Occupational irritants
- Tobacco smoke
- Air pollutions
- Respiratory (viral) infections
- Exercise
- Strong emotional expressions
- Chemical irritants
- Drugs (such as aspirin)
6
Q
Pulmonary fibrosis
A
- Primary idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) of unknown etiology
- Asbestosis – due to asbestos exposure
- Progressive, but progression varies - from very fast to slow
- Relatively rare (5-16/100 000)
- Most commonly occurring in men > 50 yrs
- Really bad prognosis, mean survival 2-3 years
- 20-30% alive after 5 years
7
Q
Damage of nanoparticles in cell
A
- production of reactive oxygen species
- protein misfolding
- membrane damage
- mitochondrial damage
- DNA damage
8
Q
Measurements of toxicity and inflammation
A
- Cytotoxicity tests
- Analysis of pro-/anti-inflammatory response (inflammatory markers, growth factors, Luminex)
- Newest “omics” technologies
9
Q
Use of silver nanoparticles
A
- anibacterial properties
- caused a significant increase in apoptotic human embryonic neural precursor cell
- affect mitochondrial activity
- increase collagen synthesis
10
Q
Factors that illustrate physical response to nanoparticles
A
Size, chemical composition and concentration
