Naming Compounds + Practice Flashcards
When asked to name a compound that consists of a metal and nonmetal (ionic), how do you go about naming them?
Ex: NaCl
- (FIRST STEP: ALWAYS IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPOUND; METAL, NONMETAL, TRANSITION METAL, POLYATOMIC ION)
- Keep the name of the metal (cation = Na+ = Sodium)
- Change the name of the nonmetal (anion = Cl- = Chlorine = Chloride) and have it end in -ide
- Sodium Chloride
Name the following compound
KCl
Potassium Chloride
MgO
Magnesium Oxide
Li₂S
Lithium Sulfide
When asked to write the formula for a compound that consists of a metal and nonmetal (ionic), how do you go about that?
Ex: Sodium iodide
- (FIRST STEP: ALWAYS IDENTIFY THE COMPONENTS OF A COMPOUND; METAL, NONMETAL, TRANSITION METAL, POLYATOMIC ION)
- Write out the charge for each element (Sodium = Na⁺¹; Iodide = I⁺¹)
- Balance the charges, if needed (not needed = NaI)
A metal and nonmetal ion together form _______ (ionic/covalent) compounds
ionic
A nonmetal and polyatomic ion togetether form ________ (ionic/covalent) compounds
ionic
A transition metal and nonmetal ion together form _______ (ionic/covalent) compounds
ionic
Write the formula for the following compounds
Magnesium Oxide
MgO
Write the formula for the following compounds
Aluminum Chloride
AlCl₃
Write the formula for the following compounds
Lithium Sulfate
Li₂SO₄
Write the formula for the following compounds
Magnesium Hydroxide
Mg(OH)₂
Identify this polyatomic ion
NH₄⁺
ammonium
Identify this polyatomic ion
Nitrate
NO₃-
Identify this polyatomic ion
Phosphate
PO₄⁻³
Identify this polyatomic ion
Carbonate
CO₃⁻²
Identify this polyatomic ion
Sulfate
SO₄⁻²
Identify this polyatomic ion
Hydroxide
OH⁻
Identify this polyatomic ion
Acetate
C₂H₃O₂
Identify this polyatomic ion
Cyanide
CN⁻
If a polyatomic anion have one less oxygen than the “normal”, it will end in ______
Provide examples.
-ite
NO₂⁻ = nitrite
PO₃³⁻ = phosphite
If a polyatomic anion starts with a hydrogen, use the prefix _____
bi- or hydrogen
HCO3- = bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate
HSO3- = bisulfit/hydrogen sulfite
When asked to write the formula for a compound that consists of a transition metal and nonmetal (ionic), how do you go about that?
Ex: Cobalt (III) chloride
- Identify the charges on each; the roman numeral tells you the number of cations for that elements (Cobalt (III) = Co⁺³; Cl⁻¹)
- Balance it out (we need 3 Cl to balance out the charges)
- Write new formula (CoCl₃)
Write out the formula
Copper (II) nitrate
Cu(NO₃)₂
Iron (I) oxide
Fe₂O
When asked to write the name for a compound that consists of a transition metal and nonmetal (ionic), how do you go about that?
Ex: CoCl₃
- Identify the transition metal and nonmetal
- Identify the charge on the nonmetal (Cl⁻¹)
- Find out the total number of anions (-1 x 3Cl = -3)
- Balance it out (Theres only 1 cobalt atom, so this means it must have a charge of +3 to balance out the -3 that we found earlier)
- Add -ide to the anion
- Cobalt (III) Chloride
Write out the name of this compound
Cu(NO₃)₂
Copper (II) nitrate
Write out the formula
Aluminum Bicarbonate
Al(HCO₃)₃
Write out the name of this compound
FeO
Iron (II) Oxide
How do ionic and covalent compounds differ?
Ionic = the transfer of electrons between metals and nonmetals
Covalent = the sharing of electrons betwee two nonmetals
How do you go about naming compounds between two nonmetals (covalent)?
Ex: CH₄
- Use correct prefix depending on the number of atoms (mono, di, tri, etc). The last element will end in -ide
- CH₄ = carbon tetrahydride
How do you go about writing formulate for compounds with two nonmetals (covalent)
Ex: Carbon monoxide
- Use the prefix to determine the number of atoms
- Carbon = C
- Monoxide = O
= CO
Write the name of this compound
H₂O
Dihydrogen monoxide
Write the name of this compound
IF
Iodine monofluoride
Write the formula for this compound
Oxygen difluoride
OF₂
Write the formula for this compound
Dioxide
O₂
Know the prefix to use when naming covalent compounds
1 = mono
2 = di
3 = tri
4 = tetra
5 = penta
6 = hexa
7 = hepta
8 = octa
9 = nona
10 = deca
