Names of molecules Flashcards
What is a functional group in organic chemistry?
A functional group is a specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of that molecule.
Which functional group is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (–OH)?
Carboxylic acid.
True or False: Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group (–OH).
True.
Fill in the blank: Compounds containing the amine functional group typically contain a _____ atom.
Nitrogen.
What functional group is represented by the formula –SH?
Thiol.
Which functional group is characteristic of aldehydes?
A C=O at the end of the carbon chain.
What is the general formula for alcohols?
R-OH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain.
True or False: Ethers contain two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom.
True.
What is the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone?
An aldehyde has the carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketone has it within the carbon chain.
Which functional group is indicated by the presence of a –COOH group?
Carboxyl group.
What type of functional group do esters contain?
A carbonyl group (C=O) adjacent to an ether group (–O–).
Fill in the blank: The functional group –NO2 is known as a _____ group.
Nitro.
What is the common suffix used for naming alcohols?
–ol.
True or False: Phenols are a type of alcohol.
True.
What functional group is characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to one or more carbon atoms?
Amine.
Which functional group is represented by R-C≡C-R’?
Alkyne.
What is the general structure of a carboxylic acid?
R-COOH, where R is a hydrocarbon chain.
Fill in the blank: A compound with the functional group –C=O at the end of the carbon chain is a _____ .
Aldehyde.
What is the main characteristic of a ketone?
carbonyl group C=O within the carbon chain.
True or False: Alkanes contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
True.
What functional group is associated with the suffix –one?
Ketone.
Which functional group is indicated by the presence of a double bond between carbon atoms?
Alkene.
Fill in the blank: A compound with both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional group is called a _____ acid.
Hydroxy.
What is the characteristic feature of a thiol?
It contains a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom (–SH).
What type of compound is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol?
An ester.
True or False: An amide functional group contains a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom.
True.
What is the primary characteristic of functional groups in organic chemistry?
Functional groups determine the chemical reactivity and properties of organic compounds.
True or False: Functional groups can affect the boiling point of a compound.
True
Fill in the blank: The functional group that consists of a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom is called a ______.
carbonyl
Which functional group is typically associated with alcohols?
Hydroxyl group
What type of reaction involves the addition of a functional group to a molecule?
Nucleophilic addition
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common functional group found in carboxylic acids? A) Amine B) Carboxyl C) Ether D) Alkane
B) Carboxyl
Short Answer: Name a functional group that contains nitrogen.
Amine
True or False: The presence of functional groups can influence the acidity of a compound.
True
Fill in the blank: Esters are derived from ______ and an alcohol.
carboxylic acids
What is the general formula for an alcohol?
R-OH
Multiple Choice: Which of the following functional groups is characterized by a nitrogen atom bonded to hydrogen atoms? A) Amide B) Ether C) Amine D) Alkane
C) Amine
Short Answer: What is a common reaction that occurs with aldehydes?
Oxidation to form carboxylic acids
True or False: All functional groups contain carbon.
False
Fill in the blank: A ______ group is a functional group that can donate a proton.
acidic
What type of bonding is typically involved in the formation of functional groups?
Covalent bonding
Multiple Choice: Which functional group is characterized by a sulfur atom bonded to a hydrogen atom? A) Thiol B) Alcohol C) Ether D) Ketone
A) Thiol
Short Answer: What is the functional group present in amides?
Carbonyl bonded to a nitrogen atom
True or False: Functional groups can affect the solubility of organic compounds in water.
True
Fill in the blank: The functional group -COOH is known as a ______ group.
carboxyl
What is the role of functional groups in biological molecules?
They determine the behavior and interactions of biomolecules.
Multiple Choice: Which functional group is associated with ethers? A) R-O-R’ B) R-NH2 C) R-COOH D) R-SH
A) R-O-R’
Short Answer: Name one property that can vary due to the presence of functional groups.
Polarity
True or False: Functional groups can be involved in the formation of polymers.
True
Fill in the blank: The presence of a ______ group generally increases the reactivity of organic compounds.
functional
What is the significance of functional groups in medicinal chemistry?
They influence the pharmacological activity of drugs.
