names of different taxa

Question 1

discuss the 6 groups of reptiles and the 3 groups belonging to one of the groups

Answer 1

1. tuatra; peaks on the back
2. testudines; turtles, tortoises and terrapins
3. squamata; snakes and lizards
4. ichthyosaurs; fish lizard resembling dolphin
5. plesiosaurs; near lizard; broad flat body with paddle like limbs. aquatic
6. archosaurs; chief lizard;
   those with erect limbs rather than sprawled
   a. crocodilia
   b. dinosaurs;
   saurischian (archeopterx)
   ornithischian
   c. pterosaurs; winged lizards

Question 2

mammal classification

Answer 2

1. prototheria sub class; before beast; monotremes like echidnas and duck billed platypus; those with no placenta or nipples
2. theria sub class; nipples
   a. marsupials infraclass; pouch animals (known as a marsupium)
   b eutheria infraclass; true beast; placenta key to nourishment
   i. chiroptera; bats who use echolocation and have a wing consisting of 5 long fingers
   ii. rodent
   iii. primate
   promisians; lemur and lorises
   arthropoids; new world monkeys, old world monkeys, orangutants

Question 3

5 different echinoderm classes

Answer 3

1. asteroidea; star fish; those with thick arms who eat coral reefs
2. Ophiuroidea; brittle stars; those with thin arms and lack a gut/anus
3. crinoidea; feather stars; upside doen compared to others (dorsal mouth). feather arms to comb water
4. echinoidea; sea urchins; hedgehod like; arms folded over to form a ball shape with spikes
5. holothurodidea; sea cucumbersl those that breath via a respiritory tree

Question 4

division within arthropod phylum

Answer 4

1. custacea sub phylum
   a. malacostraca; soft shell; lobsters, crabs, shrimps, woodlice, krill, scampi
   b. branchiopoda; gill foot; small freshwater plankton eaters
   c. maxillopoda; cocepods and barnacles
2. chelicerate subphylum
   a. arachnida class
   i. araneae; spiders
   ii. scorpiones
   iii. opiliones; harvestmen
   b. merostomata class; thigh mouth; horseshoe crabs; a living fossil with a big carpace to cover head-thorax and a pointed tail to keep it upright
3. myriapoda sub phylum
   a. centipede; those with 1 pair of legs with segments, who are dangerous carnivores
   b. those with 2 pairs of legs per segment who are not dangerous and not carnivores
4. hexapoda subphylum; 6 feet
   a. insecta class;
   i. diptera; 2 winged; housefly. hind wings modified
   ii. coleoptera; sheath winged; beetles
   iii. hymenoptera; membrane winged; ants, bees and wasps
   iv. orthoptera; straight winged; grasshoppers, crickets, locusts
   v. lepidoptera; scale winged; butterflies and moths
   vi. odonata; toothed; dragonflies and damselflies
5. trilobites; a now extinct early arthropod with 3 lobes and a hard exoskelton (lots of good fossils exist)

Question 5

platyhelminthes division

Answer 5

1. monogenea; once race; fliukes. those who are external parasites of fish and have only one sucker
2. cestoda; belt; tapeworms; vertebrate parasites who usually have 2/more hosts. all organ systems are reduced apart from reproductive . food is absorbed through skin and head is called a scolex with hooks and suckerss
3. turbellaria; free living flatworms. hempahrodites who are model organisms because some can regenerate
4. trematode; internal parasites with 2 ventral suckers. has a definitive and an intermediate host. breeds in definitive.

Question 6

4 classes within mollusc;

Answer 6

1. gastropoda; stomach foot; snails, slugs and limpets; some are terrestrial due to lung present. visceral mass twist.
   helix genus (snails
   arion genus (slugs)
2. bivalvia; two shells; muscles, clams and cockles; no radula. ctenidia gills used for food capture instead
3. cephalopoda; head foot; squid and octopus. most intelligent invertebrate. chromatophore cells; generate camouflauge
4. polyplacophora; chitons; radula used to scrape algae off rocks. 8 overlapping shells