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Physical Geography Uni > Names and Dates > Flashcards

Names and Dates Flashcards

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1
Q

JM Blaut

A

Argues against environmental determinism as he believes it validates Euro-centrism

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2
Q

Jared Diamond

A

Argues for environmental determinism/ factors influential in development were environmental in his book ‘Germs guns and steel’

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3
Q

Paul Crutzen

A

Popularised the idea of the Anthropocene

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4
Q

Monastersky

A

Argues against the Anthropocene

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5
Q

Erlandson

A

Argues that the Anthropocene should be merged with the holocene

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6
Q

Lewis SL

A

The argues that the Anthropocene should be a new GE because

  1. Atmospheric changes
  2. Marine Sediments

Proposes that it should start in 1610 or 1961.

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7
Q

What are the potential dates for the start of the Anthropocene?

A

a) 50,000-10,000 years ago
b) 11,000-5,000 years ago
c) 1452
d) 1750
e) 1950

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8
Q

50,000 - 10,000 years ago

A
  • Megafauna extinction - loss of 4% of all mammals

- Pleistoncene - use of fire

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9
Q

11,000 - 5,000 years ago

A

Introduction of largescale organised farming

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10
Q

1452

A

Collision of Old and New worlds (the Orbis Spike)

  • dip of CO2
  • mixing of biomes
  • smallpox epidemic –> population decrease –> carbon decrease
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11
Q

1750-1880

A

Industrialisation

  • increase of carbon dioxide
  • 1800 = 280ppmv
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12
Q

1950

A

The Great Acceleration

  • large dams
  • fertilizers
  • CO2
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13
Q

When was the pleistocene?

A

11700 to ~2.6 Ma ago

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14
Q

When was the holocene?

A

11700-present (debatably)

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15
Q

Arthur Tansley (1935)

A

came up with the idea of the concept of the ecosystem

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16
Q

Arthur Miller

A

Tradgedy of the commons

17
Q

Robert Horton

A

Invented infiltration capacity curve.

18
Q

James Hutton

A
  • Father of modern geology
  • He originated the theory of uniformitarianism—a fundamental principle of geology—that explains the features of the Earth’s crust by means of natural processes
    over geologic time
19
Q

Define soil taxonomy.

A

Classifying soils.

20
Q

Describe the soil taxonomy published by the US department of agriculture in 1960.

A
  • Total number of 12 soil orders with six levels of classification
  • order
  • suborder
  • great group
  • sub group
  • family
  • series
21
Q

Describe the United Nations FAO-Unesco soil portal

A

Soil divided into 10 sets with 28 major soil groupings

22
Q

Define a histosol.

A

A soil consisting primarily of organic materials

23
Q

Organic soils

A
  • lowland/ arable
  • also known as peat and muck
  • northern peat best left untouched as is a system for carbon
24
Q

Conditioned by: Humans (Anthrosoils)

A
  • virtually any soil material, modified through cultivation or by addition of material
  • Prior to the advent of chemical fertilizers, rye yields on
    Plaggic Anthrosols were a mere 700 to 1100 kg per hectare.
    Today, these soils receive generous doses of fertilizers;
    average yield levels are 5500 kg per hectare.
25
Q

Conditioned by: Parent material

A
  • three main types
    1. andosols (volcanic)
    2. arenosols (sand) - dry zone
    3. vertisols (clay) - distinct wet and dry seasons
26
Q

Conditioned by: Topography

A

Lowland soils influenced by topography

  1. fluvisols
  2. gleysols (mucky mass)

High altitude soils influenced by topography

  1. leptosols - gravelly/ thin
  2. regosols
27
Q

Conditioned by: Limited age

A

Cambisols

  • brown/ arable
  • found in the UK
28
Q

Conditioned by: Climate. Name the different areas of influence.

A
  1. sub-humid tropics
  2. arid/ semi-arid regions
  3. steppes and steppics
  4. humid temperate
  5. permafrost
29
Q

What are the 4 main functions of soil?

A
  1. plant growth
  2. water storage/supply/ purification
  3. modify atmosphere (carbon storage)
  4. habitat
30
Q

What is the future of soil?

A

Amount of arable land per person set to decrease by half by 2050

31
Q

Aristotle

A

Evidence for spherical earth

32
Q

William Davis

A

Erosion

33
Q

Ellen Semple

A

Environmental determinism

34
Q

Green (2007)

A

Natural hazards as social constructs

35
Q

1300s

A

major famines in Britain

Physical Geography Uni (11 decks)

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