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Political Science 3366E Midterm > Names and Concepts > Flashcards

Names and Concepts Flashcards

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1
Q

Foucault

A
  • Modern society is about the construction of order and discipline
  • Take surveillance, develop knowledge
  • Use knowledge to dominate
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2
Q

Girard

A
  • Memetic theory
  • Notion of desire
  • We desire things we perceive others as desiring
  • We want to imitate the desire of others
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3
Q

Philosophy of the face

A
  • The face of the other is what we need to understand
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4
Q

Hermeneutics

A
  • The branch of knowledge that deals with interpretation, especially of the Bible or literary texts.
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5
Q

Jürgen Habermas

A
  • German philosopher
  • World renowned
  • Best known for work in critical theory
  • Concentrated on the study of society and politics
  • Human institutions must be understood in their historical context
  • Help the emancipation of human kind
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6
Q

Jean-François Lyotard

A
  • 1960s protests
  • New time in human history
  • La condition post-moderne
  • The end of metanarratives
  • Modern condition is characterized by profound skepticism
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7
Q

Jacques Derrida

A
  • French philosopher born in Algeria
  • Deconstruction
  • Postmodern
  • Post-structuralism
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8
Q

Deconstruction

A
  • Western tradition based on exclusion of ‘othernes’ and that rationalism was nothing more than the domination of the male logocentric world view
  • Believed philosophers could expose these beliefs by deconstructing texts to reveal their true structures
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9
Q

Edward Said

A
  • Orientalism (book) 1978
  • Famous for proposing that Western intellectuals and scientists have created an imaginary picture of the Non-Western world
  • The myth of orientalism
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10
Q

Sun Tzu

A
  • Power is the goal of politics and war and suggested ways that a sovereign could expand his power by becoming more adept at foreign policy and war
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11
Q

Kautilya

A
  • Proponent of Sun Tzu style ideas
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12
Q

Thucydides

A
  • Explained the Peloponnesian War as a consequence of expansion of Athenian power and the Spartan rection
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13
Q

Machiavelli

A
  • Argued that people are motivated by interests and that politics is a means to attain ones goals
  • In order to be successful in politics one needs to have a ruthless strategy of deception and violence
  • Morals have nothing to do with politics
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14
Q

Hans Morgenthau

A
  • Primary realist theorist of the 20th century
  • Analyzed the Cold War as two superpowers attempting to dominate the planet
  • Main constraint to both countries was nuclear war
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15
Q

Elites in Politics

A
  • Pareto
  • Mosca
  • Michels
  • Role of elites in politics
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16
Q

Iron Law of Oligarchy

A
  • Michels

- Sooner or later all political parties and by extension political organizations, will be dominated by a small elite

17
Q

Charles Tilly

A
  • Studied the formation of modern nation-states in Europe o shed light on how groups compete for power, enlarge their own power, and limit that of their enemies
18
Q

Mills & Chomsky

A
  • Capitalist countries are led by an undemocratic group of businesspeople and their allies in the government and the mass media
19
Q

Antonio Gramsci

A
  • Imprisoned by Mousillini
  • Developed theory of Hegemony to explain continued bourgeois power
  • Power to impose your own interests by disguising them as universal and incontestable ideas
20
Q

Stephen Gill

A
  • Believes that ideas and institutions have, along with influence of economic and technological forces, a role to play in the modern world system
  • Understanding American hegemony in the international system
21
Q

Johan Galtung

A
  • Norweigan peace and conflict researcher
  • Developed a structuralist view of dependency
  • Structural links of dependency not just between rich and poor nations, but also the poor and dominant classes within nations
  • Fracture between powerful and powerless that can lead to conflict
22
Q

Immanual Wallerstein

A
  • World Systems Theory
  • Main global conflict is the one between dependent nations of the South and the dominant societies of the North
  • There also exists a semi-periphery of partially industrialized states including Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia, Thailand, and Turkey
23
Q

Talcott Parsons

A
  • America was the prototype for modernity because it had achieved stability, secularism, pluralism, efficiency, and humanism with little turmoil
24
Q

Samuel P. Huntington

A
  • Modernization as an irreversible historical process, and political development, which he saw as contingent and fluctuating
  • Political development was not an automatic result of modernization
  • Exemplified by post-colonial regimes that espoused authoritarian and paternalistic forms of government
25
Q

Erich Fromm & Theodor Adorno

A
  • Created the concept of the authoritarian personality to explain the mental makeup of Adolf Hitler
  • Adorno believed the fascist attitudes were derived from personality and later devised the F-scale to measure fascist tendencies in people
26
Q

Albert Bandura

A
  • Psychologist
  • Social learning theory
  • Bobo Doll Experiment
27
Q

Quincy Wright

A
  • Number of people involved in warfare/prepared to go to war at its highest point in history
  • Frequency of warfare is diminishing
28
Q

F.H. Hinesley

A
  • Great power war diminishing
  • War itself diminishing
  • International conflict diminishing
29
Q

Paul Collier

A
  • Resource Curse Hypothesis

- States where national income is primarily from natural resources are prone to less democracy, less growth, and peace

30
Q

Herbert Spencer

A
  • Survival of the Fittest
  • There is a scientific basis to race differentiation
  • Survival of cultures, races, classes
31
Q

Conrad Lauren

A
  • Aggressive instinct
  • Aggression is a biological necessity
  • We need aggression for sexual drive and replication of the species
32
Q

Seville Statement

A
  • Violence is not in our genes

- Not linking violence to genetics

33
Q

Richard Dawkins

A
  • Evolutionary stable strategies: patterns or actions in our genes which survive to protect and procreate the species
  • Meme - cultural pattern or norm that reproduces an idea in the minds of people
34
Q

Thomas Homer Dixon

A
  • Environmental scarcity is a huge issue
  • Environmental devastation is a growing concern
  • Conflict will arise as we fight over remaining resources
35
Q

LeBon

A
  • There are a couple things that turn crowds into mobs
  • Strong leaders control and encourage groups of people to come together
  • People in group have anonymity, do things they might not otherwise do
  • Individual autonomy is maximized in crowds and mobs

Riff Raff

  • No social connection to others
  • No reason for society to function properly
36
Q

Sapau

A
  • Passive protestors
  • Active protestors
  • Violent protestors
    • Do things that might not be relevant to the protest
  • Ancestral shadow
    e. g. in the former Yugoslavia

Political Science 3366E Midterm (3 decks)

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