names Flashcards
beirnstein
Bernstein was a marxists who believed in dialectical materialism [ a conflict between the working and ruling class]. He believed that language codes where the reason that working class children underachieved . he investigated this using a field study , showing children flash cards and asking them to describe the pictures . he found that the working class used restricted language codes meaning their descriptions were context bound with poor grammar using abbreviations and slang , whereas the middle class used elaborated codes meaning their description were detailed , rich , using metaphors with no context needed , likely to get higher marks in and exam essay . thus, working class children underachieved because they struggle with elaborated language codes . however , this theory is not generalizable across subjects as it is not applicable to quantitative subjects like maths .
hubbs tait
Hubbs tait tried to solve berinstein language code issue with encouraging reading for working class children. He looked at parents and found in 2002 most middle class would read to their children and question and challenge what they had read whereas working class parents would not , and often would just sit and look at the pictures, therefore in school middle class children achieved because they were just consolidating what they already knew and in turn the middle class teachers only catered for the middle class children . however this is using the working class as an ideological scapegoat where it is really the system at fault and none of this would be applicable to children with learning disabilities like dyslexia .
borduoi
marxists
- cultural capital - describes the skills, norms, values and knowledge that middle-class parents have and pass on to their children. Cultural capital consists of values that typically indicate a higher social status.
- economic capital
- educational capital , paper chase
asthana and gibson
Asthana and Gibson argue that material deprivation is an external factor why working class children may underachieve . This is where they don’t have the money or their parents have a fear of spending it to afford resources such as textbooks or laptops to learn and may suffer from malnutrition . further they may live in a household where there isn’t somewhere for them to focus and study and thus all of these form a cumulative effect on why they underperform .
However you could argue that this was combated with EMA and
sullivan
Sullivan
Questionnaires [465]
Wanted to know they did in past times , weekends , holidays
Found middle class read complex fiction , watched documentaries - developed wider vocab and greater culture -did better in exams
Working class - football , [evidence cultural capitalism is still happening ]
gerwitz
3 types of parents :
Privileged school seekers [cultural capitalism ] -know what there looking for [ been to uni ]-got money and knowledge
New money [upper working class] , -money -no cultural capital /knowledge because they come from working class
Working class - no money , no cultural capital /knowledge
becker
labelling
ideal pupil , self fulfilling prophecy , master status , can rejet labell
gillbourne and youdell
anti-postivits - education triage
3 sets - A [immediately labelled , expectations rise,don’t necessarily get the best teacher because they don’t need it
B-get best teachers so they get passing grades ,brings grade average up
C-get new teachers /supply teachers, [working class]
A02 - Sets are not fixed , people move around
COLIN LACEY
reposonds to sets
- teachers differentate - labelling
- polarisation -two extremes / polar experinces of education becuase of sets
- bottom sets likely to form anti-school subcultures -going native
wood
responds to balls beachside comprehensive ,
says that labells can change per lesson
1-INGRATIATION -teachers pet
2-RICHULISM -neutral , day dream , bare minimum
3-RETREISM-messing around , dont care
4-OUT AND OUT REBELLION -expelled , mess around contasntly
a02 - rutter 10% teacher impact , indvidual work ethic ,prove labell wrong , class biggest indicator
sugarman
Sugarman believes that the reading habits, that parents not reading to their children, are a part of the working class subculture. He also believes that the working class are culturally deprived.
FATALISM - give up , blame teacher for failure’s
COLLECTIVISM - work together - group mentality
IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION -get a job when turn 16 as you get money - rewarded immediate
DEFERED GRATIFICATION
PRESENT TIME ORENTATION
sewell
generation genius
- looked at under achivement of black boys in schools - hyper masculinity
he took 25 boys from failing schools to colleges like imperial college studying science and engneering over summer and boys got really good GCSES and 3 made it into oxbridge
a02 - small sample size
lupton
south asiasn families are achieivng - higher apriations / expectaion , stricter fathers , respect for teachers
racsism cant be embedded becuase they achieve
mitios and browne
believe that globlisation has to an idenity crisis for men
barbra read
LIBERAL DISCOURSE- feminine ,authority=implicit and invisible , pusedo adultification - speaks /treats pupils as adults , expects them to be sensible and respect teacher
DISIPLNARIAN DISCOURSE -masculine
authority = explicit and viable-shouting, sarcasm
- 51 primary school teachers (25 male and 26 female)
found that most teachers female as well as male, used supposedly masculine, Disciplinarian discourse to control pupils behaviour
- female teachers were just as likely as males to use a masculine discourse to control pupils behaviour disproves the claim that only male teachers can provide the stricter classroom culture [ a02 for shortage of male primary school teachers]
sue evans
self exculsion -argues street culture in white working class areas is brutal and is brought into school; result is strong pressure to reject education.
Self -exclusion -don’t take risks because of fear of failure /rejection - held back by boyfriends, stay closer to home for uni /dont go
