ideolgies

Question 1

tripartite system

Answer 1

11+
-grammar school
-secondary modern
-technical schools

Question 2

comprehensive schools

Answer 2

Labour didn’t like grammar schools so introduced comprehensive in 1964
Had facilities like libraries, schools trips trying to close economic , cultural capital
Everyone could get in
Advantages
Had libraries and facilities
Equal - everyone studied the same
Disadvantages
Accept lower standards - postcode decided how good it was -postcode lottery
Still have sets /streaming , polar learning experience
Still Tri-parte but under one roof.
A02- window dressing , these politicians sending there kids to private /grammar schools

Question 3

vocational education

Answer 3

Liked by chubb and moe
Begins 1988
Btechs , courseworks - things that prepare you for work
Practical training -placements
Gave people who struggled with exams a way of succeeding
Not designed for uni designed for jobs
Disadvantaged - got rid of placements

Question 4

idvidulisation

Answer 4

One effect of postmodernism on the education system is that education has become more individualised according to beck. This is where because we have more choice we have become more concerned with ourselves . For example, subjectives like PSHE have been introduced often taking place over academic lessons , schools have more pastoral staff and mental health leads , school counsellors and students can have pastoral passes to skip lessons. Even discipline is now handled with things called restart or reflection . This impacts education as mental health and obsessions with oneself has taken priority over lessons and education is no longer one size fits all . However this can be criticised as feelings are subjective , and teachers are trained as teachers not therapists and further schools are contradicting this with target culture , adding pressure and stress to meet their expectation and pushing tests .

Question 5

globlisation

Answer 5

alisation and gender DEA
,change in employment ,decline in manual labour jobs[men dominant industry] , decline of hegemonic masculinity
More equal gender jobs , women suit globalisation jobs , men were still catching up , more meritocracy ,playing field levels, have broken glass, ceiling to an extend - 3 female prime ministers recently
A02- manual labour not completely gone , glass ceiling
Leads to a more feminised curriculum with things like coursework - tailored for women
A02- nearly 1 million manual labour jobs - education inst tailored /encourage them anymore

Question 6

GIST AND WISE /baoler

Answer 6

GIST - girls in science and technology- was a project in the early 1980s to try and address gender differences in subject choice and encourage more girls to choose sciences at school. It was followed by the similar WISE campaign, which still exists today [women in science and engineering ] a02-low success rate
National Curriculum = boys and girls largely study the same subjects.
BOALER -This is the main reason for girls’ improvement in achievement.
Education is more meritocratic –> girls have more equal opportunities and so will do better

Question 7

liberal feminism

Answer 7

Liberal feminists - things have improved girls have more choice ,experience for girls is better , enjoyable , they are encouraged more ,broken through glass ceiling ,more ambition , education doesn’t match boys anymore

Question 8

radical feminism

Answer 8

Radical feminists- patriarchy heart of society-fault of men ,women under a male panopticon [extensive control, being watched] always being watched , judged , control by men , also by female teachers , other females [girls judging other girls].
Women victim of abuse in schools by boys , male teaches

Question 9

cohilition rundown

Answer 9

Lib dems said they would get rid of tuition fees , they had to compromise it and tuition fees went up again to £3000 , instead said they had to legalise gay marriage
Didn’t have any money so couldn’t invest - teachers’ pay didn’t go up , stagnates stops.-enter period of austerity [saving money]
Introduced academies ,became enforced , get money from the government so they can cDescribe education policies since 2015. Include the government lockdowns .reference libertarians [tory]
Ema went away because of lack of funding [auestriy ]

We had david cameron then theresa may then boris johnson , liz truss ,rishi sunak
Conservatives on their own
Tuition fees gone up £9250-fundings gone down -unis need money -still had to pay during lockdown
More academies - enforced academies -they could have more control
Went from letters to numbers [grading] [2017]
No fundings - school funding cut by 8%
2003- new teachers would have been on £20,000 [39,000 now] - now top teachers are on [40,000]
Teachers leave - affects students, don’t join ,no incentive
1 in 5 lessons per day are substandard
EBAC [ e bachulrate ] -intended for 95% of student to be doing by 2025 and t levels -criticism of this - a02 -still not encouraging students to get jobs
Ofsted continued -stressful [palmer,toxic],academies and free schools continued
More grammar schools -annexes [grammar schools set up schools under same name in local areas]
control the budget [run like business]
Free schools -set up by parents /local communities , ask students what they wanted to study , collaboration ,
Pupil premium -free school meals, ect. Bursaries ,
Got rid of coursework

Question 10

Evaluate the view that government educational policies are effective in reducing social class inequalities in education

Answer 10

1870-education act - have to stay in school until 12 , then to 14
Tripartite system-grammar, technical , secondary modern
1964-comprehensive schools
1960s goes up to 16
1988-national curriculum -encouraged parentocracy
1997 - ema ,tution fees ect
2015 -Coalition - tuition fees , free schools , academies,
Diversity - t levels , aprenticships
Sure start

Question 11

parentocracy

Question 12

EMA

Answer 12

Educational maintenance allowance would provide intensive for working class students, giving them £70 a week if they were on time and £100 bonuses if their quality of work was good. This helped the perception of youth unemployment rates lowering
Contradicted with tuition fees - £1000
Sugarman immediate gratification

Question 13

SURE START

Question 14

POLOICIES

Question 15

FREE SCHOOLS

Answer 15

-set up by parents /local communities , ask students what they wanted to study , collaboration ,

Question 16

ACADIMIES

Answer 16

Enforced academisation
Schools pushed to join academies under labour
Payed by government -allows them more control

Question 17

COLARISTION

Answer 17

The introduction of brands, Vending machines, and create loyalty through displays of logos, sponsorship product endorsement large companies ,investing in education to influence people -advertising ,brands get good will for sponsoring schools
- blurs the line between public and private

Globalisation - impact on education - education run by same business and exam boards - business have monopoly on exams

Disney, mattel e.g making more money because of education

A02-education should be about helping students fill full potential

Mcdonalds sponsor youth sports - gets rid of perception that they unhealthy - encouraging exercise - window dressing

Cadburys - provided sports equipment for advertising - if they consumed 5440 chocolate bars they got 1 set of volleyball posts

Tescos -uk families had to spend £1010 in tescos for 1 computer

Question 18

MARKETISATION

Question 19

LEAUGE TABELS

Answer 19

A02- manipulate data -synthetic qualifications , btechecs -coursework
Value added -can’t see in league tables [ how much they helped students improved e.g 50% get a 4 but it was meant to be 20%]
Cream skimming - pick best students - e.g grammar schools will have best results because they only take best kids [11+]
Silk shifting

Question 20

LABOUR

Answer 20

Tony blair and the labour party came into power by a large majority , with an emphasis to improve education . They aimed to improve standards , diversity and achieve genuine meritocracy . they did this by having smaller class sizes , more money for teachers , tougher inspections , more university places and pushed higher education from ages 16-18. They tackled inequality through education action zones , giving more funding to deprived areas . further they would provide intensive for working class students, giving them £70 a week if they were on time and £100 bonuses if their quality of work was good. This helped the perception of youth unemployment rates lowering . They also introduced sure start centres providing free childcare and education , which had a 25% success rate .
New Labour introduced Child centred learning? What did this mean?
Post modernism- Teachers are expected to focus more on each child’s individual learning needs and OFSTED focus on this more. Special Educational Needs Provision – there has been a massive expansion of study and support under New Labour to support those with Special needs.-individualisation - beck

Question 21

Positive Evaluations of New Labour Policies

Answer 21

Positive Evaluations of New Labour Policies

• Standards have improved and there is greater choice and diversity –subjective diversity aswell
• SATs and GCSE scores have improved significantly under New Labour-leadd to more tests- they devalued
• There are now a greater diversity of schools (Specialist Schools, City Academies) and a greater variety of subjects one can study (AS and A levels, Vocational A levels, the mix and match curriculum), meaning there is more choice for parents and pupils.
• New Labour have established a ‘Learning Society’ in which learning is more highly valued and created opportunities in which adults are able to relearn new skills in order to adapt to an ever changing economy.

Question 22

CRITICISMS OF NEW LABOUR POLICES

Answer 22

Criticisms of New Labour policies

• New Labour have not improved equality of educational opportunity-meritocracy myth-grammar schools are faith schools cream skimm
• The gap between middle classes and working classes achievement continues to grow because of selection of by mortgage, cream skimming.
• The introduction of tuition fees in Higher Education puts many working class children off going to University- people who had ema up till that point
• The Private school system still means that those with money can get their children a better education
• City academies enable those with money to shape the curriculum- buiness decide what you study
• Gilborn and Youdell argue that more students have a negative experience of education in the ‘A-C economy’
• Schools have become too test focussed, reducing real diversity of educational experience-target culture palmer
• Students are too taught to the test and less able to think critically- causes stress - standards

Question 23

POST MODERN EDCUATION

Answer 23

Modernity is totally useless now because no one works in factories anymore , globalisation
Education no longer one size fits all , individualization[beck] , because we have more choice , school is like therapy [ask if your enjoying it, learn about feelings]
Use multitudes of technologies and techniques -more active learning
School is now like therapy, due to postmodernism.
- they ask about mental health etc.

Question 24

MODERNIST EDUCTAION

Answer 24

Functionalist = modernist
Modernity started with enlightenment project -people started in question religion
In education lead to subjects like ; sciences , sociology
Industrial revolution [urbanisation]
Education - decides what your good at , -teachers role is to do tests to find out what you’re good at, role allocation ,one size fits all
Leads to target culture

Question 25

Children have to go to school -1870 education act - until 12

Answer 25

Children have to go to school -1870 education act - until 12

Question 26

NEO LIBERALISM

Answer 26

Neoliberalism , [libertarian economics]-in favour of no restrictions on economy , free economy , need competition
Believe education should have no connection to state [gov.]-school should have freedom to decide
Suggestion is schools should be run like business -based on competition , pupils are consumers

Question 27

NEW RIIGHT

Answer 27

New right perspective [neo-liberalists ]
Believes in 1980s , education was failing -wasn’t preparing youth for work [youth unemployment stats]
Need to go back to meritocracy [parsons , equality of opportunity ]
Bring back inequality -tell people when they’ve failed
Need assimilation
The neoliberalists believe in economy without restrictions that thrives on competition . They believe education should not be run by the state and schools should have the freedom to decide and be run like a business , based on competition where pupils are consumers . The new right wing perspective believed that education was failing in preparing youth for work in the 1980s. Their solution to this was to re-introduce parson’s theory of meritocracy meaning equal opportunity and highlight a need for inequality to tell people when they’ve failed and assimilation, learning shared culture and British values . chubb and moe solution to this is private schools . After studying 60.000 low income families they found scholarships students do better in private schools because they are left alone by the state and ofsted , have freedom of what to teach and students and parents are customers . thus every school should be run like this

Question 28

Education up to 1988

Answer 28

Education up to 1988
Children didn’t use to have childhood - were only special for there size as they could fit through chimneys and work in factories
Child labour act - banned from factories
Aires -cult of childhood
Less children , there more special
Children have to go to school -1870 education act - until 12
Odyssey -extended childhood - childhood been extended through education
Tripartite - grammar schools,technical schools, secondary modern, 11+
1964- comprehensive schools , harold wilson [labour] ,post code lottery-
Stopped working - couldn’t fail exams and go straight into a job because of decline of manual labour