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Pharm II Annie for Shelby > Name that drug...or class of drugs > Flashcards

Name that drug...or class of drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Blocks tyrosine hydroxylase which is the rate-limiting step in dopamine synthesis

A

Metyrosine (Demser)

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2
Q

A VERY POTENT beta agonist used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrest and complete heart block

A

Isoproterenol (Isuprel)

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3
Q

Provide paralysis of skeletal muscle without unconsciousness or anesthesia

A

Neuromuscular blockers

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4
Q

Used for the treatment of anaphylactic shock

A

Epinephrine

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5
Q

The use of 2-PAM is controversial in this poisoning

A

Carbamate pesticides

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6
Q

Form a covalent bond and give a result lasting 30 min - 6 hr

A

The carbamates

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7
Q

Provide better exercise tolerance than non-selective B blockers

A

B1 selective

Bc no B2 blocking which controls skeletal muscle vasodilation

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8
Q

Prevent bladder spasm (e.g. after prostate surgery)

A

Oxybutynin (Ditropan)

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9
Q

Repeated doses can cause malignant hyperthermia

A

Succinylcholine

Halothane

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10
Q

Selective a1 agonist

A

Phenylephrine (Neofrin)

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11
Q

Has most profound increased GI effects

A

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

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12
Q

Increases NE and Dopamine release in the CNS (= stimulant)

A

Amphetamine

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13
Q

Can cause severe vasoconstriction at the injection or infusion site that can lead to necrosis

A

Norepinephrine

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14
Q

Used in eye exams because of the mydriatic effect

A

*Tropicamide

Homatropine

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15
Q

Indirect-acting sympathomimetic that increases the release of norepinephrine and dopamine from neurons, especially in the CNS

A

Amphetamine

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16
Q

Stimulates a and B1 receptors but not B2.

A

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

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17
Q

Has most increased GU/bladder activity

A

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

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18
Q

Depolarizes the neuromuscular junction for a long which desensitizes the receptors so the ACh released has no effect

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Succinylcholine

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19
Q

B3 agonist

A

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

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20
Q

B1 agonist used in cardiac stress tests

A

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

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21
Q

Used in pheochromocytoma for a few weeks until the tumor can be surgically removed

A

Phenoxybenzamine

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22
Q

S/E include gas and vivid nightmares with possible psychosis

A

Varenicline (Chantix)

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23
Q

What class are the “rescue inhalers” for asthma

A

Selective B2 agonists

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24
Q

Hydrolyzed by plasma pseudocholinesterase

A

Succinylcholine

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25
Q

It’s only systemic use is for the treatment of muscarinic antagonist poisoning

A

Physostigmine

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26
Q

Severe HTN crisis if given to people on MAOIs for depression

A

Tyramine

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27
Q

B1 selective antagonist with ~very~ short action

A

Esmolol

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28
Q

High concentrations act similarly to nicotine

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

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29
Q

Low doses vasodilate renal vascular beds via D1

High doses stimulate B1

A

Dopamine (Intropin)

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30
Q

Selective B1 agonist

A

Dobutamine

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31
Q

Decrease laryngospasm before anesthesia by inhibiting all the secretions

A

Anticholinergics

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32
Q

What class is known for the “first dose phenomenon”

A

Alpha blockers

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33
Q

Highly selective a1 antagonist used for BPH and HTN

A

Prazosin (Minipress)

The enlarged prostate is causing a minipress on the urethra so they can’t pee heehee

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34
Q

Found in Belladona plant and Jimson weed

A

Atropine

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35
Q

Undergoes “aging”

A

Organophosphates

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36
Q

Used to restore the balance between ACh and dopamine in the brain in conditions such as Parkinson’s or psychosis

A

Muscarinic antagonists

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37
Q

Injected and lasts 5-10 mins; binds irreversibly to cholinesterase

A

Edrophonium

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38
Q

Containdicated in narrow-angle glaucoma and BPH

A

Anticholinergics

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39
Q

Slow infusion and fast infusion have different results

A

Epinephrine

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40
Q

B blocker commonly used for hyperthyroidism

A

Propranolol

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41
Q

Only used in severe decompensative heart emergencies and pharmacological cardiac stress tests

A

Dobutamine

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42
Q

Precursor in the manufacture of meth

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

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43
Q

Low dose: D1 activation

Higher dose: B1 stimulation

Highest dose: a1 stimulation

A

Dopamine (Intropin)

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44
Q

Their effect antagonizes the action of parasympathetic stimulation

A

Muscarinic antagonists

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45
Q

COPD DOC

A

Ipatropium

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46
Q

Giving this before norepinephrine inhibits the vagal reflex

A

Atropine

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47
Q

Very strong nucleophile that prevents “aging” of organophosphates

A

2-PAM

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48
Q

An organophosphate applied in the eye for long-term glaucoma emergency management

A

Echothiophate

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49
Q

Block allll the autonomic ganglia

A

Ganglion blockers

Hexamethonium

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50
Q

May cause severe HTN and stroke in otherwise healthy young adults

A

Cocaine

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51
Q

Epinephrine injection is contraindicated in people on this class of drugs

A

Beta Blockers

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52
Q

Block activation of the iris circular muscle by parasympathetic stimulation

A

Atropine

+ other Cholinergic antagonists

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53
Q

Blood pressure med that can come in a patch and can treat hot flashes

A

Clonidine (Catapres)

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54
Q

Considered to be non-depolarizing competitive antagonists

A

Ganglion blockers

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

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55
Q

Causes depletion of NE, dopamine and serotonin, low doses decrease BP, but you’ll get severe poops, and Parkinson’s like symptoms

A

Reserpine

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56
Q

In people with burns or have nerve degeneration, this drug can cause pronounced potassium release and cardiac arrest ☠️

A

Succinylcholine

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57
Q

What class improved stroke volume in obstructive cardiomyopathy?

A

B blockers

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58
Q

D1 selective agonist that is an alternative for dopamine

A

Fenoldopam (Corlopam)

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59
Q

Used in the emergency treatment of cardiac arrest and complete heart block

A

Epinephrine

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60
Q

Help smoking cessation

A

Varenicline (Chantix)

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61
Q

Direct-acting alpha agonist applied topically as a nasal spray for congestion

A

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

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62
Q

Enters CNS very easily and is well-absorbed thru the skin

A

Scopolamine

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63
Q

Increases renin secretion from the kidney and has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

A

Dobutamine

B1 selective agonist

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64
Q

Cause vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa which decreases nasal congestion

A

Phenylephrine

a1 selective agonist

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65
Q

Giving atropine before this drug will cause the vagal reflex to be inhibited and the HR will not increase

A

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

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66
Q

Used for anaphylactic shock, cardiac arrest

A

Epinephrine

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67
Q

Does not penetrate CNS UNTIL high doses are reached

A

Atropine

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68
Q

Tertiary amine; crosses BBB easily

A

Physostigmine

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69
Q

B3 agonist used for overactive bladder

A

Mirabegron

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70
Q

Decreases NE and Epi amounts in people with inoperable pheochromocytoma

A

Metyrosine (Demser)

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71
Q

If given in people taking Beta blockers, it will cause SEVERE HTN

***it is contraindicated!!!

A

Epinephrine

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72
Q

Prevents bradycardia from vagal stimulation during surgery

A

Glycopyrrolate

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73
Q

Old lady with glaucoma and bronchospasm will get what?

A

Betaxolol

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74
Q

An a2 agonist with less BP decrease than clonidine and is effective in treating muscle spasticity

A

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

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75
Q

Prevents motions sickness

A

Scopolamine

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76
Q

What class:

Methyldopa (Aldomet)
Apraclonidine (Iopidine)
Dexmedetomidine (Precedex)
Tixanidine (Zanaflex)

A

a2 agonists

77
Q

Effects similar to parasympathetic stimulation, with added vasodilation

A

Acetylcholine

78
Q

Can cause the SEs of throbbing headache, tremor, tachycardia and high BP

A

Epinephrine

79
Q

Helps organophosphate poisoning but can produce hypertension

A

2-PAM

80
Q

Selective D1 agonist used to rapidly decrease BP in severe hypertension

A

Fenoldopam (Corlopam)

81
Q

Decrease stimulation of the ciliary muscle and cause photophobia

A

Cholinergic antagonists

82
Q

Drug to give to preggos and lupus patients with hypertension

A

Methyldopa

83
Q

Contraindications include peptic ulcers, bowel obstruction

A

Muscarinic agonists

84
Q

Stimulates the chemoreceptor trigger zone causing nausea and vomiting

A

Dopamine (Inotropin)

85
Q

Low doses: drowsiness and amnesia

Toxic doses: agitation, hallucination

A

Scopolamine

86
Q

What class of drugs:

Amphetamine
Methamphetamine
Ritalin
The Devil’s Dandruff™️
Tyramine
A

Indirect-acting sympathomimetics

87
Q

Withdrawing suddenly can cause rebound HTN due to this drug’s CNS depressive effects

A

Clonidine

88
Q

Stimulates a, B1 and B2 receptors

A

Epinephrine

89
Q

Directing a agonist applied topically as a nasal spray for congestion but can cause rebound congestion with chronic use

(If systemically ingested could cause hypotension)

A

Oxymetazoline (Afrin)

90
Q

A CNS stimulant similar to epinephrine

A

Ephedrine

91
Q

DOC dry mouth

A

Cevimeline (Evoxac)

92
Q

Can cause severe vasoconstriction at infusion site with necrosis

A

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

This is one of Shelby’s revenge drugs 😈

93
Q

Can cause malignant hyperthermia and cardiac arrest

A

Succinylcholine

94
Q

a2 selective blocker that increases NE release and has opposite actions from clonidine (BP and HR increase)

A

Yohimbine

95
Q

Used to treat attention deficit

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

96
Q

Cause aggregation of platelets, decreased insulin, and contract some vascular smooth muscle

A

Clonidine

a2 selective agonist

97
Q

Stimulates M1 and M3 receptors; less sweating is induced

A

Cevimeline (Evoxac)

98
Q

Used as pesticides and nerve gasses

A

Organophosphates

99
Q

NO NO NO DON’T EVER GIVE THESE TO ASTHMATICS

A

B blockers

100
Q

Nerve agents with rapid action

A

Sarin

Soman

101
Q

Similar effects to epinephrine but will less pronounced effects

A

Ephedrine

102
Q

Most increased tear and sweat production

A

Pilocarpine

103
Q

Can cause memory impairment, delirium, dementia in the elderly

A

Muscarinic antagonists

104
Q

Tachyphylaxis can occur from octopamine replacing norepinephrine

A

Tyramine

105
Q

MOST SELECTIVE B1 receptor blocker on the market

A

Nebivolol

106
Q

A selective B1 blocker for glaucoma

A

Betaxolol

107
Q

Prototype organophosphate

A

DFP

108
Q

Need to avoid if taking MAOIs for depression

A

Tyramine (mostly in foods)

109
Q

Blocks B1 and B2 as well as a1 (= no reflex tachycardia!!!)

A

Labetolol

110
Q

Indirectly acting, increases catecholamine release, displaces norepinephrine in storage vesicles

A

Tyramine

111
Q

Causes strong contraction of the bladder and has been used to treat enuresis (but probably not anymore)

A

Amphetamine

112
Q

Used in diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium

113
Q

The only depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

A

Succinylcholine

114
Q

What class has negative inotropic and chronotropic effects, reduces renin release, and lowers BP

A

B blockers

115
Q

Indirect acting sympathomimetic used for ADD/ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

116
Q

Abused drug causing severe vasoconstriction that causes teeth to fall out and ulcers, etc.

A

Methamphetamine

117
Q

You don’t want to combine this class with Viagra bc of marked hypotension

A

Alpha blockers

118
Q

Bind to muscarinic receptors and block the effects of ACh

A

Muscarinic antagonists

119
Q

Interacts BIG TIME with clonidine!!!

A

Yohimbine

120
Q

Rapidly decrease intraocular pressure; used in narrow-angle glaucoma treatment

A

Muscarinic agonist (usually Pilocarpine)

+ a cholinesterase inhibitor

121
Q

NO NO NO DON’T EVER GIVE THESE IN TI DM

A

B blockers

122
Q

Quarternary ester selective for muscarinic receptors

A

Bethanechol (Urecholine)

123
Q

Used in MIs to decrease AV block or bradycardia

A

Atropine

124
Q

M3 antagonist for overactive bladder

A

Tolterodine (Detrol)

125
Q

Quarternary amines; do not cross BBB

A

Pyridostigmine

Neostigmine

126
Q

Can cause throbbing headache, angina in people with CAD, increased BP

A

Epinephrine

127
Q

Used RARELY for SEVERE hypotensive crisis

A

Norepinephrine

128
Q

Used as an antispasmodic in the GI tract

A

Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

129
Q

Produces mydriasis WITHOUT accomodation effects

A

Phenylephrine

Accommodation is a2 and a3

130
Q

B blocker that also produces vasodilation sue to increased NO production from endothelial cells

A

Nebivolol

131
Q

May cause rebound congestion when discontinued

A

Phenylephrine (Neofrin)

132
Q

Can reverse bronchoconstriction in COPD

A

*Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

133
Q

Used to block the muscarinic effects of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning

A

Atropine

134
Q

Inactive orally because hydrolyzed by monoamine oxidase in GI tract and liver

A

Tyramine

135
Q

A ~nAtUrAl~ alternative to viagra that your old patient may have bought from a street corner or Craigslist but is quite dangerous in people with HTN

A

Yohimbine

136
Q

Should NEVER be given to people with pheochromocytoma without a concurrent alpha blocker

A

B blockers

137
Q

Inhibits the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into nerve terminals

A

Cocaine

138
Q

For HTN orally or via transdermal patch

A

Clonidine

139
Q

Low concentrations increase strength of contraction in skeletal muscle

A

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

140
Q

More selective for blocking a1A which is in the prostate than a1B which is in blood vessels, which makes this a good BPH med for people with postural hypotension from other alpha blockers

A

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Annie was on this for a stint in 2014 for a swollen kidney lol

141
Q

Used to prevent migraines, treat angina and arrhythmias, and help CHF survival

A

Propranolol

142
Q

Can reverse a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker by increasing ACh at the synaptic cleft

A

Neostigmine

Cholinesterase inhibitor

143
Q

Most increased salivary and gastric gland secretions

A

Pilocarpine

144
Q

What class causes vasoconstriction esp in the nasal mucosa + mydriasis + contraction of the prostate gland + hair erection?

A

a1 agonists

145
Q

Can mask hypoglycemia symptoms and long-term use can increase VLDL/decrease HDL

A

B blockers

146
Q

Alternative for PNS blockers like atropine but with less side effects

A

Mirabegron (Myrbetriq)

147
Q

Relax respiratory smooth muscle, increase glycogenolysis, ASTHMA

A

Albuterol

B2 selective agonist

148
Q

Increases pulse pressure with little change in mean pressure

A

Epinephrine (Adrenaline)

149
Q

Atropine + an opioid for the runs

A

Diphenoxylate-atropine (Lomotil)

150
Q

Irreversible a blocker that binds covalently to the receptor and alkylate it. Effects last several days until until new receptors are formed.

A

Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline)

151
Q

Competitive a1 and a2 agonist that is used to treat HTN crises in pheochromocytoma

A

Phentolamine (Regitine)

152
Q

After B blockers, what are the next drugs for treating glaucoma?

A

Selective a2 agonists

e.g. apraclonidine and brimonidine

153
Q

The granddaddy of the B blockers that does everything

A

Propranolol

154
Q

A2 agonist used in the eye to decrease intraocular pressure by vasoconstriction

A

Apraclonidine (Iopidine)

155
Q

A2 agonist with centrally-mediated sedative, analgesic, and sympatholytic effects

A

Dexmedetomidine (Precedex)

156
Q

Used to reverse bradycardia caused by muscarinic agonists or cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Atropine

157
Q

B blocker with long duration of action and no CNS penetration and no local anesthetic activity

A

Nadolol

158
Q

Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, mad as a hatter, red as a beet

A

Atropine poisoning

159
Q

HIGHLY LIPID SOLUBLE

A

Organophosphates

160
Q

a1 receptor selective agonist

A

Phenylephrine

161
Q

Acts on the brain to reduce sympathetic tone and lower blood pressure by stimulating a2

A

Clonidine (Catapres)

162
Q

First treatment used for glaucoma

A

Prostaglandin analog

e.g. Latanoprost (Xalatan)

163
Q

Increase salivation in Sjogren’s

A

Cevimeline (Evoxac)

164
Q

Alpha agonist and a common OTC decongestant

A

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)

165
Q

Used to treat muscle spasticity with less BP lowering effect

A

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

166
Q

Can cause SLUDGE side effects

A

Irreversible cholinesterase inhibitors

167
Q

B blocker used in the eye for glaucoma due to the lack of local anesthetic effects

A

Timolol

168
Q

Great for anxiety, tremors, stage fright bc gets into the brain easily

A

Propranolol

169
Q

Has high affinity for ALL the B receptors

A

Isoproterenol

170
Q

Used to treat malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

171
Q

Non-selective B blocker that also blocks a1 (= no reflex tachycardia!!!) and seems to be the ~best~ beta blocker out there….

A

Carvedilol (Coreg)

COREG thinks it’s the ~best~ class out there #onehealth

172
Q

A2 agonist that acts on the brain similarly to clonidine

A

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

173
Q

This class should not be stopped abruptly bc of upregulation of the receptors that will cause reflex tachycardia and HTN

A

B blockers

174
Q

They bind to the receptor and cause a blockade by holding the channel in a CLOSED position.

Competitive antagonists

A

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers

175
Q

What class is used in preventing the progression of dissecting aortic aneurysms

A

B blockers

176
Q

Used with myasthenia gravis treatments to decrease the muscarinic side effects

A

Glycopyrrolate

177
Q

Used for chronic therapy in myasthenia gravis

A

Neostigmine

Pyridostigmine

178
Q

Used as a treatment for atropine/anticholinergic poisoning

A

Physostigmine

179
Q

A very potent B1/B2 agonist used in cardiac arrest and complete heart block emergencies

A

Isoproterenol

180
Q

HA, tremor, and tachycardia are common side effects of this class used to treat asthma

A

B2 agonists

181
Q

Non-selective B blockers with some intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (i.e. partial agonists)

A

Pinolol

Carteolol

Penbutolol

182
Q

Used to reverse a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker (i.e. in surgery)

A

Neostigmine

Edrophonium

183
Q

Drug that inhibits NE release and was once used in the treatment of severe HTN but it has too many SEs so isn’t used anymore but we just need to know name and class

A

Guanethidine (Ismelin)

Inhibits neurotransmitter release

184
Q

Makes you flushed because you super hot but unable to sweat

A

Atropine toxicity

185
Q

An amphetamine with more CNS effects and fewer peripheral effects

A

Methamphetamine

😀 -> 😍 -> 😜 -> 🤩 -> 🤯 -> 😳 -> 🥵 -> 🥴 -> 😵 -> 🤮 -> 🥺 -> 😞

186
Q

a2 selective agonist that acts in the brain

A

Clonidine

187
Q

Powerful vasoconstrictor that inhibits reuptake of dopamine and NE

A

Booger sugar™️

188
Q

Specifically shown to increase T2 DM incidence

A

Atenolol

Pharm II Annie for Shelby (4 decks)

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