Adrenergic stimulants

Question 1

Ephedrine effects are similar to ____ but less pronounced.

Answer 1

Epinephrine

Question 2

What happens at a HIGH dose of dopamine?

Answer 2

A1 stimulated causing system-wide increased BP and vasoconstriction

(Effects similar to epinephrine)

Question 3

All beta receptors activate _____ thru a _____ protein

Answer 3

Adenylyl cyclase

Gs

(This raises cAMP)

Question 4

Norepinephrine stimulates _____ and _____ receptors with little effect on ____ receptors.

Answer 4

Alpha and B1

B2

Question 5

The effect of epinephrine is dependent on what?

Answer 5

The dose administered

Question 6

Does NE affect the lung?

Answer 6

NO

Bc NE HAS NO B2 EFFECTS!!!!!!

Question 7

D1 primarily has what effect?

Answer 7

Dilation of renal blood vessels

Question 8

What drug is similar to amphetamine but shorter acting and more intense?

Answer 8

Cocaine

Question 9

Blood vessels in the upper airway and mucous membranes have what receptors?

Answer 9

A1

Question 10

What receptor?

Isoproterenol > Epi = NE

Answer 10

B1

Question 11

How does cocaine work?

Answer 11

It inhibits the reuptake of Dopamine and NE into nerve terminals

Question 12

In noradrenergic neurons, dopamine becomes ___ in the synaptic vesicles

Answer 12

NE

Question 13

B2 stimulation effect on lungs

Answer 13

Relax bronchial smooth muscle

Question 14

Besides cardiac, what other effects can B1 receptor agonists have on a different organ?

Answer 14

Increased renin release from kidney

Question 15

Phenylephrine is what kind of agonist?

Answer 15

A1 selective

Question 16

What kind of agonist is isoproterenol?

Answer 16

VERY POTENT selective B1 and B2

Question 17

Tyrosine —> l-dopa —> ____

Answer 17

Dopamine

Question 18

What receptors does epinephrine stimulate?

Answer 18

Alpha, B1, B2

Question 19

A2 receptor inhibit ___ and decrease intracellular ___ through Gi protein.

Answer 19

Adenylyl cyclase

cAMP

Question 20

What is an indirectly acting compound that increases the release of catecholamines from nerve terminals?

Answer 20

Tyramine

Question 21

Albuterol is what kind of agonist?

Answer 21

B2 selective

Question 22

What kind of agonist is Fenoldopam (Corlopam)?

Answer 22

D1

Question 23

Indirect adrenergic receptor stimulation happens in what 3 ways?

Answer 23

1. Increasing release or displacing NE from nerve endings
2. Inhibiting reuptake
3. Inhibiting catabolism

Question 24

What does a LOW dose of dopamine do?

Answer 24

Vasodilation and increased renal blood flow in kidneys

= increased GFR and Na+ excretion

Question 25

Side effects of epinephrine

Answer 25

Throbbing HA Tremor Increased BP Tachycardia Angina

Question 26

D2 primarily has what effect?

Answer 26

Inhibits release of transmitters from nerve terminals

Question 27

What is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine?

Answer 27

Tyrosine —> l-dopa | Blocked by Demser

Question 28

What receptor? Isoproterenol > Epi >>>>> NE

Answer 28

B2

Question 29

Cocaine is a powerful vaso_____

Answer 29

Constrictor

Question 30

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) is an OTC decongestant that is a ____ receptor (agonist/antagonist)

Answer 30

Alpha agonist

Question 31

Dobutamine is what kind of agonist?

Answer 31

B1

Question 32

Stimulation fo a2 receptors does what to NE release?

Answer 32

Decrease

Question 33

NE is metabolized by what 2 enzymes?

Answer 33

MAO and COMT

Question 34

What happened with denervation or depletion of NE stores?

Answer 34

Stops indirect acting drugs’ effects

Question 35

Afrin they said in the review was less important but just for the sake of throroughness what is it?

Answer 35

Direct acting a agonist used topically as a nasal spray for decongestion

Question 36

What is an indication of needing to be on a low tyramine diet?

Answer 36

Being on MAOIs

Question 37

What effects do alpha agonists have on BP and HR?

Answer 37

Increase arterial resistance —> increased BP —> baroreceptors stimulated —> increase vagal input to slow the heart

Question 38

Sympathomimetic drug effects on ... Heart Glycogenolysis Insulin, renin, and pituitary hormones

Answer 38

Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects Increased glycogenolysis Modulation of hormone release

Question 39

B2 receptor stimulation (from epinephrine) causes (increased/decreased) diastolic BP and (increased/decreased) pulse pressure

Answer 39

Decreased DBP Increased PP

Question 40

Why is norepinephrine one of Shelby’s revenge drugs?

Answer 40

It can cause necrosis from severe vasoconstriction at infusion site

Question 41

What are some indirect acting sympathomimetics?

Answer 41

The drugs Amphetamine Cocaine Meth Ritalin

Question 42

What are the 2 main GU effects of asphalt agonists?

Answer 42

Urinary continence Promote ejaculation

Question 43

How does denervation effect direct acting adrenergic stimulators?

Answer 43

Either increased effect or no effect

Question 44

What is the mechanism of NE action termination?

Answer 44

Reuptake into the synaptic terminal

Question 45

What happens at a medium dose of dopamine?

Answer 45

It stimulates B1 in the heart = positive chronotropic/inotropic effect

Question 46

What can you use to evaluate the metabolism of NE and epinephrine?

Answer 46

24 hour urine sample Look at VMA and HVA concentration

Question 47

What receptor? Isoproterenol = NE > Epi

Answer 47

B3

Question 48

Isoproterenol is used for cardiac arrest and heart block because of what effects?

Answer 48

Increased rate and force of contraction from B1 Reflex increased HR from B2

Question 49

___ —> l-dopa —> dopamine

Answer 49

Tyrosine

Question 50

Tyramine and amphetamine increase NE release from pre-synaptic terminals, which means they will only have an effect if what is true?

Answer 50

Noradrenergic innervation is intact

Question 51

What is the effect of alpha agonists on the eye?

Answer 51

Help remove aqueous humor = decreased IOP | Work in glaucoma

Question 52

What effect with B agonists have on the eye?

Answer 52

Increased production of aqueous humor —> increased IOP | B antagonists good for glaucoma

Question 53

A1 selective agonists cause vaso(constriction/dilation). Where might this effect be therapeutic?

Answer 53

VasoCONSTRICTION Good in nasal mucosa for nasal congestion

Question 54

Dobutamine is what kind of agonist?

Answer 54

B1 selective

Question 55

A1 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory) A2 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

Answer 55

A1 excitatory A2 inhibitory

Question 56

An a1 agonist will have what effects?

Answer 56

Vasoconstriction Mydriasis w/o accommodation Decongestion (w/ rebound effect)

Question 57

What is another a2 agonist similar to clonidine?

Answer 57

Methyldopa

Question 58

What does tyramine replace NE with?

Answer 58

Octopamine

Question 59

NE is converted to ___ in the adrenal medulla

Answer 59

Epinephrine

Question 60

What receptor? Epi >/= NE >> isoproterenol

Answer 60

A1 Or A2

Question 61

Phenylephrine is a what kind of agonist?

Answer 61

A1 selective

Question 62

What gets into nerve endings and kicks out norepinephrine?

Answer 62

Tyramine

Question 63

Stimulation of a1 receptors leads to activation of what?

Answer 63

Protein kinase C

Question 64

Ephedrine does what to CNS and lungs?

Answer 64

Stimulates CNS Bronchodilation

Question 65

Contraindication of epinephrine administration

Answer 65

B blockers | Can lead to severe HTN

Question 66

Clonidine is what kind of agonist?

Answer 66

A2 selective

Question 67

What can be given with norepinephrine to block the vagal reflex and prevent bradycardia?

Answer 67

Atropine

Question 68

Sympathomimetic drug effects on... Blood vessels Sweat and salivary glands Smooth muscle in gut and lungs

Answer 68

Blood vessels CONSTRICTION unless they’re in the skeletal muscle Increased sweat and salivation Relaxation of lung and GI smooth muscle

Question 69

Mirabegron is what kind of agonist?

Answer 69

B3

Question 70

What is the effect of fenOLDopam heehee?

Answer 70

Think what the oldies 👵🏼🧓🏼 have: Is decreases BP in cases of severe HTN