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Pharm II Annie for Shelby > Adrenergic stimulants > Flashcards

Adrenergic stimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Ephedrine effects are similar to ____ but less pronounced.

A

Epinephrine

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2
Q

What happens at a HIGH dose of dopamine?

A

A1 stimulated causing system-wide increased BP and vasoconstriction

(Effects similar to epinephrine)

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3
Q

All beta receptors activate _____ thru a _____ protein

A

Adenylyl cyclase

Gs

(This raises cAMP)

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4
Q

Norepinephrine stimulates _____ and _____ receptors with little effect on ____ receptors.

A

Alpha and B1

B2

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5
Q

The effect of epinephrine is dependent on what?

A

The dose administered

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6
Q

Does NE affect the lung?

A

NO

Bc NE HAS NO B2 EFFECTS!!!!!!

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7
Q

D1 primarily has what effect?

A

Dilation of renal blood vessels

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8
Q

What drug is similar to amphetamine but shorter acting and more intense?

A

Cocaine

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9
Q

Blood vessels in the upper airway and mucous membranes have what receptors?

A

A1

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10
Q

What receptor?

Isoproterenol > Epi = NE

A

B1

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11
Q

How does cocaine work?

A

It inhibits the reuptake of Dopamine and NE into nerve terminals

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12
Q

In noradrenergic neurons, dopamine becomes ___ in the synaptic vesicles

A

NE

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13
Q

B2 stimulation effect on lungs

A

Relax bronchial smooth muscle

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14
Q

Besides cardiac, what other effects can B1 receptor agonists have on a different organ?

A

Increased renin release from kidney

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15
Q

Phenylephrine is what kind of agonist?

A

A1 selective

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16
Q

What kind of agonist is isoproterenol?

A

VERY POTENT selective B1 and B2

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17
Q

Tyrosine —> l-dopa —> ____

A

Dopamine

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18
Q

What receptors does epinephrine stimulate?

A

Alpha, B1, B2

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19
Q

A2 receptor inhibit ___ and decrease intracellular ___ through Gi protein.

A

Adenylyl cyclase

cAMP

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20
Q

What is an indirectly acting compound that increases the release of catecholamines from nerve terminals?

A

Tyramine

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21
Q

Albuterol is what kind of agonist?

A

B2 selective

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22
Q

What kind of agonist is Fenoldopam (Corlopam)?

A

D1

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23
Q

Indirect adrenergic receptor stimulation happens in what 3 ways?

A
  1. Increasing release or displacing NE from nerve endings
  2. Inhibiting reuptake
  3. Inhibiting catabolism
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24
Q

What does a LOW dose of dopamine do?

A

Vasodilation and increased renal blood flow in kidneys

= increased GFR and Na+ excretion

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25
Q

Side effects of epinephrine

A

Throbbing HA

Tremor

Increased BP

Tachycardia

Angina

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26
Q

D2 primarily has what effect?

A

Inhibits release of transmitters from nerve terminals

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27
Q

What is the rate limiting step in the synthesis of dopamine?

A

Tyrosine —> l-dopa

Blocked by Demser

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28
Q

What receptor?

Isoproterenol > Epi&raquo_space;»> NE

A

B2

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29
Q

Cocaine is a powerful vaso_____

A

Constrictor

30
Q

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) is an OTC decongestant that is a ____ receptor (agonist/antagonist)

A

Alpha agonist

31
Q

Dobutamine is what kind of agonist?

A

B1

32
Q

Stimulation fo a2 receptors does what to NE release?

A

Decrease

33
Q

NE is metabolized by what 2 enzymes?

A

MAO and COMT

34
Q

What happened with denervation or depletion of NE stores?

A

Stops indirect acting drugs’ effects

35
Q

Afrin they said in the review was less important but just for the sake of throroughness what is it?

A

Direct acting a agonist used topically as a nasal spray for decongestion

36
Q

What is an indication of needing to be on a low tyramine diet?

A

Being on MAOIs

37
Q

What effects do alpha agonists have on BP and HR?

A

Increase arterial resistance —> increased BP —> baroreceptors stimulated —> increase vagal input to slow the heart

38
Q

Sympathomimetic drug effects on …

Heart

Glycogenolysis

Insulin, renin, and pituitary hormones

A

Positive inotropic and chronotropic effects

Increased glycogenolysis

Modulation of hormone release

39
Q

B2 receptor stimulation (from epinephrine) causes (increased/decreased) diastolic BP and (increased/decreased) pulse pressure

A

Decreased DBP

Increased PP

40
Q

Why is norepinephrine one of Shelby’s revenge drugs?

A

It can cause necrosis from severe vasoconstriction at infusion site

41
Q

What are some indirect acting sympathomimetics?

A

The drugs

Amphetamine
Cocaine
Meth
Ritalin

42
Q

What are the 2 main GU effects of asphalt agonists?

A

Urinary continence

Promote ejaculation

43
Q

How does denervation effect direct acting adrenergic stimulators?

A

Either increased effect or no effect

44
Q

What is the mechanism of NE action termination?

A

Reuptake into the synaptic terminal

45
Q

What happens at a medium dose of dopamine?

A

It stimulates B1 in the heart

= positive chronotropic/inotropic effect

46
Q

What can you use to evaluate the metabolism of NE and epinephrine?

A

24 hour urine sample

Look at VMA and HVA concentration

47
Q

What receptor?

Isoproterenol = NE > Epi

A

B3

48
Q

Isoproterenol is used for cardiac arrest and heart block because of what effects?

A

Increased rate and force of contraction from B1

Reflex increased HR from B2

49
Q

___ —> l-dopa —> dopamine

A

Tyrosine

50
Q

Tyramine and amphetamine increase NE release from pre-synaptic terminals, which means they will only have an effect if what is true?

A

Noradrenergic innervation is intact

51
Q

What is the effect of alpha agonists on the eye?

A

Help remove aqueous humor = decreased IOP

Work in glaucoma

52
Q

What effect with B agonists have on the eye?

A

Increased production of aqueous humor —> increased IOP

B antagonists good for glaucoma

53
Q

A1 selective agonists cause vaso(constriction/dilation). Where might this effect be therapeutic?

A

VasoCONSTRICTION

Good in nasal mucosa for nasal congestion

54
Q

Dobutamine is what kind of agonist?

A

B1 selective

55
Q

A1 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

A2 receptors are (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

A1 excitatory

A2 inhibitory

56
Q

An a1 agonist will have what effects?

A

Vasoconstriction

Mydriasis w/o accommodation

Decongestion (w/ rebound effect)

57
Q

What is another a2 agonist similar to clonidine?

A

Methyldopa

58
Q

What does tyramine replace NE with?

A

Octopamine

59
Q

NE is converted to ___ in the adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine

60
Q

What receptor?

Epi >/= NE&raquo_space; isoproterenol

A

A1

Or A2

61
Q

Phenylephrine is a what kind of agonist?

A

A1 selective

62
Q

What gets into nerve endings and kicks out norepinephrine?

A

Tyramine

63
Q

Stimulation of a1 receptors leads to activation of what?

A

Protein kinase C

64
Q

Ephedrine does what to CNS and lungs?

A

Stimulates CNS

Bronchodilation

65
Q

Contraindication of epinephrine administration

A

B blockers

Can lead to severe HTN

66
Q

Clonidine is what kind of agonist?

A

A2 selective

67
Q

What can be given with norepinephrine to block the vagal reflex and prevent bradycardia?

A

Atropine

68
Q

Sympathomimetic drug effects on…

Blood vessels

Sweat and salivary glands

Smooth muscle in gut and lungs

A

Blood vessels CONSTRICTION unless they’re in the skeletal muscle

Increased sweat and salivation

Relaxation of lung and GI smooth muscle

69
Q

Mirabegron is what kind of agonist?

A

B3

70
Q

What is the effect of fenOLDopam heehee?

A

Think what the oldies 👵🏼🧓🏼 have:

Is decreases BP in cases of severe HTN

Pharm II Annie for Shelby (4 decks)

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