Nail structure and growth Flashcards
The heart protective plate located at the end of the finger or toe is called what?
Natural nail
The fingernails and toenails are part of which body system?
Integumentary system
The ______ of the nails can reflect the general heath of the body?
Overall appearance
Which of the following is technically referred to as the onyx?
The natural nail
The natural note is primarily composed of what substance?
Keratin
A normal healthy nail is firm and flexible, shiny, slightly pink in color with a ____ surface?
Smooth
The keratin in natural nails is _______ the keratin in hair or skin
More durable than
The nail plate is relatively _____ to water, allowing it to pass much more easily than it will pass the normal skin of equal thickness.
Porous
The lower the water content, and now the ______ the nail becomes.
More rigid
What is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate it grows towards the edge is called the what?
Nail bed
The area under the nail plate has a ____ appearance, extending from the lunula to before the edge of the nail.
Pinkish
Where are the nail plate cells formed?
The matrix
What is the whitish half moon shape at the base of the nail called?
The lunula
The matrix area contains nerves, lymph, and _____ to nourish the matrix cells.
The matrix
What is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit.
Nail plate
The free edge ______
Extends over the tip of the finger or toe.
The cuticle is dead, ______ tissue attached to the plate.
Colorless
Cuticle tissue is incredibly ____ and difficult to remove from the nail plate.
Sticky
The living skin at the base of the plate covering the matrix area is the _____
Eponychium
What is the slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the nail plate called?
Hyponychium
A tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds on an organ in place is called what?
A ligament
No technicians are allowed to gently push back the eponychium but are prohibited from cutting or trimming any part of the eponychium because it is _____
Living skin
Cuticle conditioners are designed for the eponychium, lateral sidewalls, and _____
Hyponychium
Cuticle removers, when carefully applied to the nail plate, can speed removal of _____
Cuticle tissue
Ligaments are located at the base of the _____ and around the edges of the nail bed.
Matrix
The _____ are folds of normal skin that surround the nail plate.
Nail folds
The sidewall also called the ____ is the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail.
Lateral nail fold
A normal nail grows forward from the ____ and extends over the tip of the finger.
Matrix
The length, width and curvature of the ____ determine the thickness ,width and curvature of the natural nail plate.
Matrix
What can be done to make the nail plate grow quicker?
Nothing
Nails grow slowest at what time of the year?
Winter
The nail of what finger grows the fastest?
The middle finger
Nails of _____ grow at a slower rate than others.
The elderly
Because of hormonal changes in the body, nail growth, ____ during the first trimester of the pregnancy.
Increases dramatically
What causes the dramatic increase and decrease in the rate of nail growth during an after pregnancy?
Hormonal changes
Compared to the matrix found on the fingernails the matrix found on toenails is _____
Longer
Compared to the fingernails, toenails grow _____
Slower
How long does the replacement of the natural fingernail take?
4-6 months
How long does it take for the natural replacement of a toenail?
9-12 months
The natural nail is considered an appendage of the ____
Skin
The surface of a normal healthy nail ____
Is unspotted
Oil based nail conditioners _____
Can improve flexibility
Nail folds form the nail groove or _____ on each side of the nail.
Furrow
As a person ages, part of the nail matrix begin to permanently slow down production, causing the plate to develop a series of _____ running the length of the plate.
Narrow grooves
