nahw Flashcards
lesson 31
what is mafool fih (مفعول فية)
mafool fih is that time or place which shows the occurrence of an action (فعل)
ex. دَ خَلْتُ فيِ الْمَدِ يْنَةِ الجُمْعَةِ (i entered into madina on the day of friday)
what is mafool fih also known as and state the ruling of when harf e jar is present in regards to mafool fih
mafool fih is also known as zarf.
if the harf e jar is present in words, before the zarf then the zarf will be known as majroor not mafool fih, if the harf e jar is hidden then the zarf will be mansub and will be known as mafool fih in this case.
what are the two divisions of mafool fih/zarf by definition?
there are two types of zarf and they are zarf zamaan and zarf makaan.
zarf zamaan is that time which shows the occurrence of an action eg. اَ ذْهْبَ غَدًا (i will go tomorrow)
zarf makaan is that place which shows the occurrence of an action eg. صَلَّيْتُ خَلْفَ الاِْ مام
what is zarf zamaan mubham and what is zarf zamaan mahdud?
zarf zamaan mubham is that zarf zamaan which expresses such a time that has no limit eg. صُمْتُ دَهْرًا (i fasted for a passage of time)
zarf zamaan mahdud is that zarf zamaan which expresses such a time that has a limit eg. صُمْتُ شَهْرًا (i fasted for a month)
what is zarf makaan mahdud & mubham?
zarf makaan mahdud is that zarf makaan which expresses such a place that has a limit eg. دَخَلْتُ دَرًا
zarf makaan mubham is that zarf makaan which expresses such a place that has no limit eg. جَلَسْتُ اِمَامَ الاَْمَيْرِ
when is it not permissible to bring في?
bringing fih before zarf mubham (both zamaan and makaan), is not permissible.
when is it necessary to bring في?
bringing fih before makaan mahdud is necessary
when is it permissible to bring في?
bringing fih before zamaan mahdud is permissible
lesson 32
what is the definition of mafool lahu (مفعول له)
it is that mafool which expresses the action the reason for the occurrence of an action eg. سَعَلْتُ جَهَلاً ( i asked due to not knowing)
what is the effect of mafool lahu
mafool lahu is mansoob, however if it has a harf e jar preceding it then it will be majrur in this case eg. قُمْتُ لِاُسْتَاذِ
state the rule regarding the mafool lahu being a masdar
if the mafool lahu is a masdar then it is permissible to bring harf e jar before it or to leave it (either one is permissible), however if the mafool lahu isn’t a masdar then it is necessary to bring a harf e jar before it
what is the definition of mafool ma’ahu (مفعول معه)
mafool ma’ahu is that mafool which comes after a ‘و’ in the meaning of ‘مع’
mafool ma’ahu is always mansoob in every case.
state the ruling on when atf’ is permissible
when atf’ is permissible then it is permissible to take the ‘و’ for atifah or in the meaning of ‘مع’ ~ 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ.
atifah ~ when it is taken for atifah then the harakat (i’raab) of the اسم which follows it will be in accordance to that which is preceding it.
ma’a مع ~ when it is in the meaning of ma’a then the ism which follows it will be in the state of mansoob
the ism which comes after مع will not be known as mafool ma’ahu eg. ذَهَبْتُ مَعَ زَيْدٍ
lesson 33
what is the definition of haal (حال) and dhul haal (ذوالحال)
it is that word which expresses the state of fa’il or a mafool, this will be known as حال
the fa’il / mafool will be known as zhul haal (ذُوْالحالْ) eg. ضَرَبْتُ زَيْدًاقَاءِمًا
what is the effect of haal and dhul haal
haal is always mansoob and nakirah and the dhul haal will be according to the aamil and will be ma’rifah eg. جَاءَ زَيْدٌرَاكِبًا
what is the ruling of the haal and dhul haal
haal will come after dhul haal, but if the dhul haal is nakirah and not majroor, only then it is necessary to bring haal before it.
state the ruling of when haal is a singular word (مفرد)
if the haal is mufrad then the dhul haal must match the dhul haal in quantity and gender eg. جَاءَالرَّجُلُ رَاكِبًا
what is the ruling when the haal is jumlah ismiyyah
it is necessary to bring a ‘و’ and a pronoun (ضمير) or either of the two, if the haal is a jumlah ismiyyah
what is the ruling when the haal is jumlah feuliyyah
if the haal is a jumlah feuliyyah and it is a feul maadi, then it is necessary to have قد before it
eg. جَاءَ زَيْدٌقَدْقُمْتُ
if it’s a feul mudaari’ then it must have a dameer which is in accordance to the dhul haal
lesson 34
what is the definition of tamyeez and mumayyaz
tamyiz is that ism nakirah which removes doubt from a thing
mumayyaz is that thing which the tamyiz is removing doubt from
how many type of tamyiz are there and what are they? state their definition
there are two types of tamyiz:
tamyiz anithaat (تميز عن الذات): it is that tamyiz which removes doubt from an amount (entity)
tamyiz aninisbah (تميز عن النسبه): it is that tamyiz which removes doubt from an obscure connection, can be found in jumlahs (ismiyyah/feuliyyah/), shibh jumlah or in idaafat.
state the ruling on the effect of tamyiz and what happens when it is made mudaaf
tamyiz will always be nakirah and will be mansoob, however if the mumayyaz is mudaaf towards the tamyiz then it will be majroor.
if the mumayyaz is an entity i.e. an amount of something, then it is permissible to make it mudaaf to the tamyiz
lesson 35
what is mustathna? (مستثي)
mustathna is that ism which is excluded from the hukm (ruling) of another ism due to an istithna.
the ism which the mustathna is excluded from is called mustathna minh -مستثني منه
how many and what are the types of mustathna
there are two types of mustathna and they are:
mustathna mutasil - this is that mustathna which is a part of the mustathna minh due to the harf istithna eg.
mustathna munqati’ - is that mustathna which isn’t part of the mustathna minh due to the harf istithna eg.
what is kalaam moojab and kalaam gayr moojab
kalaam moojab ~ that speech where there is no negation, prohibition, or questioning.
kalaam gayr moojab ~ that speech where there is negation, prohibition or questioning
what is mustathna mufarigh, mustathna gayr mufarigh and what are there i’raab
mustathna mufarigh ~ that mustathna which it’s mustathna minh is hidden, and it’s i’raab is according to the aamil (the effector)
mustathna gayr mufarigh ~ that mustathna which its mustathna minh is mentioned, and it comes after اِلاَّ in kalaam gayr moojab, comes as either mansoob or in accordance to the aamil
after which kalimaat istithna will the mustathna become majroor?
غَيْرُ
سِ وَيِ
سِوَاءَ
and sometimes after حَاشَا
