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AMPP > NACE CIP Level 2 > Flashcards

NACE CIP Level 2 Flashcards

1
Q

__________ is the formation of a protective oxide film on the surface reducing its chemical activity and its ability to corrode.

A

Passivation

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2
Q

How does oxygen affect corrosion?

A

Oxygen increases the rate of corrosion.

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3
Q

How does temperature affect corrosion?

A

Corrosion is usually accelerated with increasing temperatures.

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4
Q

How does chemical salts affect corrosion?

A

Chemical salts increase the rate of corrosion by increasing the efficiency of the electrolyte.

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5
Q

How does humidity (or wetness) affect corrosion?

A

The wetter the environment, the more likely corrosion is to occur.

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6
Q

How does pollutants and acid gases affect corrosion?

A

Acid rain, chemical byproducts, and chlorides all promote corrosion.

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7
Q

What are two broad categories or corrosion described as?

A

Generalized

Localized

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8
Q

__________ is an electrochemical action of two dissimilar metals in the presence of an electrolyte and an electron conductive path, which occurs when dissimilar metals come into contact.

A

Galvanic corrosion

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9
Q

__________ is the reduction or elimination of corrosion by making the structure to be protected a cathode by means of an impressed current or attachment to a galvanic anode.

A

Cathodic protection

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10
Q

Impressed current power sources include:

A

Generators

Solar Cells

Rectified commercial power

Fuel cells

Thermoelectric cells

Wind-powered cells

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11
Q

__________ is the separation of the coating from the surface through hydroxyl (OH-) formation due to increased (made more negative) potential.

A

Cathodic disbondment

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12
Q

__________ is the process of removing moisture vapor from the air to lower its dew point.

A

Dehumidification

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13
Q

When planning enclosures, what minimum requirements should be considered?

A

Must be large enough to contain the whole work area.

Not be larger than the performance capabilities of the dehumidification equipment.

Be sturdy enough to hold up to intended work activities, potential loads, and possible inclement weather.

Have minimal leakage to maintain proper environmental conditions and ensure the dehumidification system operates efficiently.

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14
Q

What does the air turnover principle do?

A

Eliminates air stratification, or layering, in large open spaces by recirculating the hot air that becomes trapped in the higher spaces.

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15
Q

What is an “air turn” considered?

A

The number of times air turnover principle occurs per hour.

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16
Q

At what relative humidity does corrosion virtually cease?

A

At and below 40%.

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17
Q

What are two ways to reduce the relative humidity of the boundary layer?

A

Increase the surface temperature.

Reduce moisture content by dehumidification.

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18
Q

What are two types of dehumidification equipment?

A

Refrigeration

Desiccant

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19
Q

What are some benefits of dehumidification?

A

Dries the air.

Lowers the dew point.

Permits blasting the entire surface.

Holds the blast with dry air.

Helps in cleaning the surface.

Holds the surface during coating application.

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20
Q

What are some general basic centrifugal blast setups?

A

Tumbling mill

Multi table

Plan table

Swing Table

Custom designed systems

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21
Q

What are centrifugal blasting conveyor systems commonly used to clean?

A

Plate

Rolled structural shapes

Large trusses

Girders

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22
Q

What are portable centrifugal blasting systems used on?

A

Ship decks, hull sides, and bottoms

Storage tanks

Concrete floor

Highways and bridge decks

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23
Q

What elements generally compose a centrifugal blast system?

A

Centrifugal abrasive throwing wheel

The blast cabinet (or enclosure)

In fixed systems, some type of material handling system

Abrasive recycling system

A dust collector and vent-pipe system

Abrasives

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24
Q

What are some efficiency factors that centrifugal blast wheels depend on?

A

Abrasive operating mix

Size of the abrasive

Velocity of the abrasive coming off the wheel

Quantity and direction of the thrown abrasive

Condition of the feed parts

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25
Q

What could low amperage readings on a centrifugal blasting machine signify?

A

An abrasive-starved wheel

A flooded or choked wheel

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26
Q

What are the functions of a centrifugal blast machine separator?

A

To control the sizing of the abrasive mix

To remove sand, spent abrasives (fines), rust, dirt, and any other contaminates from the abrasive stream.

To control abrasive consumption.

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27
Q

A well-balanced operating mix (working mix) of abrasive sizes will:

A

Provide consistency of the finish

Ensure uniform abrasive coverage

Ensure conditioning of the abrasive for optimum cleaning

Minimize lowest abrasive and machine part-wear and reduce downtime for maintenance

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28
Q

Some of the inspection concerns during centrifugal blasting include:

A

Monitor the dust collector

Monitor the amperage of the wheel motors/ low amperage

Monitor the handling and loading of the conveyor line for contaminates/ possible discontinuities in the steel

Monitor the speed of the line

Inspect the steel as it leaves the production line

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29
Q

The WJ-1 (visual cleanliness) is compared to which abrasive blast cleaning standard?

A

ISO SA 3

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30
Q

A general description of robotic weterjetting includes:

A

Attached using vacuum, cables, or magnets

Vertical, horizontal, or overhead surface

Controlled by single operator

Collects in excess of 95% of the water, removed coatings and rust (waster generated)

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31
Q

A typical waterjetting team consists of:

A

The nozzle operator

The pump operator

Additional operators of workers

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32
Q

Waterjetting is effective for removing:

A

Surface oil and grease

Rust

Concrete (shot-crete) spatter

Existing coatings

Water-soluble contaminates that cannot otherwise be removed by abrasive blasting

An underwater unit used to clean barnacles or other micro-organisms for ship hulls or off-shore platform legs

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33
Q

Describe two of the considerations with regards to “back thrust”:

A

Causes fatigue

Should be no more than 1/3 of the operators body weight

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34
Q

To ensure a safe work place, before commencing the job, the waterjet team should ensure that:

A

The work area is properly barricaded

Electrical equipment protected from the water

Electrical connections are not allowed to sit in water

All fittings and hoses are in good condition/ proper pressure rating

Nozzles are free of obstructions

System is flushed clean and air removed

The dump system and all control systems are operational

Proper LOTO provisions/ confined space entry requirements

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35
Q

Waterjetting advantages include:

A

Worker safety

Worker air quality

Respiratory requirements may be less stringent

No dust contamination or clean up

Friendly to the environment

Relatively cost efficient

It requires less clean up

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36
Q

Disadvantages of waterjetting include:

A

The surface must have a profile (waterjetting leaves no profile)

Equipment is very expensive

Danger of UPH hose breaking

Danger of injection into the skin or serious cuts

Collecting and disposing of the contaminated water

Proficient operators

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37
Q

Some of the most common hazards associated with specialized application are:

A

Fumes and dust inhalation

Electrical shock

Burns

Falling objects

Explosions

Environmental contamination

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38
Q

Thermal spray safety practices for operators include:

A

Use hoses rated for high pressure

Never clean powder off equipment or clean spray cubicles with compressed air

Do not use compressed air to clean clothing

Do not supply plant compressed air to a breathing apparatus

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39
Q

__________ is a word used to describe a coating that is normally used in immersion service.

A

Lining

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40
Q

Some resins used in reinforced linings include:

A

Polyester

Epoxy

Vinyl Ester

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41
Q

The main feature that reinforcing adds to a resin is __________.

A

Strength

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42
Q

What is a negative effect of reinforcing resin?

A

The negative effect reinforcing has on a resin is the ability of a liquid to travel along the fibers path (wicking) and cause corrosion to the substrate, blisters or delamination of the system.

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43
Q

What is the purpose pf antifouling (AF) paints?

A

The purpose of antifouling (AF) paints is to either make the hull of the ship so distasteful the larva of the biofouling reject it as a home or they make the hull so slick the larva cannot adhere.

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44
Q

What are the three main types of antifouling paints?

A

Ablative

Self Smoothing

Foul Release

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45
Q

What are the two types of fireproof coatings?

A

Cementitious

Intumescent

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46
Q

What type of coating is made of lightweight cement and can be applied several inches thick?

A

Cementitious

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47
Q

What coating is a substance that swells or bubbles up as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume, and decreasing in density.

A

Intumescent

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48
Q

__________ coatings are best known for their non-stick feature and also have excellent chemical and high temperature resistance.

A

Flourpolymer

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49
Q

What two broad curing categories do powders fall into?

A

Thermoplastic

Thermosetting

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50
Q

What materials soften when heated and return to their original hardness when cooled?

A

Thermoplastic

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51
Q

What materials harden when heated and retain their hardness when cooled?

A

Thermosetting

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52
Q

What are the four stages when powders are applied to a heat source?

A

Flow stage

Wetting stage

Gel stage

Curing stage

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53
Q

This stage occurs when the particles of powder begin to flow, but are not fully liquid.

A

The flow stage

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54
Q

This stage occurs when the particles of powder absorb more heat, fully liquefy, and wet the surface.

A

The wetting stage

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55
Q

This stage occurs when the particles of the powder begin to gel, converting into a solid.

A

The gel stage

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56
Q

This stage allows for further changes to take place, permitting the powder to cure completely.

A

The curing stage

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57
Q

What are the advantages of plural component airless spray over single piston airless spray systems?

A

Accurate mixing of materials without human element

Ability to spray very thick solvent free materials without thinner

Ability to spray materials with very short pot life

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58
Q

What are the disadvantages of plural component airless spray compared to single piston airless spray systems?

A

Cost is much higher than cost of a single piston pump

Higher education requirement for the mechanic

High voltage electricity is required for the heaters

Applicator’s job is more difficult with multiple hoses

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59
Q

What are the two major classes of rubber?

A

Natural

Synthetic

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60
Q

What are the characteristics of natural rubber?

A

Derived from latex obtained from Hevea trees and is coagulated with acetic or formic acid.

Unsaturated hydrocarbon known as polyisoprene.

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61
Q

What are the characteristics of synthetic rubber?

A

Any one of a group of manmade elastomers with one or more of the properties of natural rubber.

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62
Q

__________ is a physicochemical (physical and chemical) change resulting from the cross-linking of the unsaturated hydrocarbon chain of rubber (polyisoprene) with sulfur, and the application of heat.

A

Vulcanization

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63
Q

Three factors affect the properties of the vulcanizate (vulcanized product):

A

Percentage of sulfur and accelerator used

Temperature of the curing process

Time of cure

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64
Q

What are some methods to cure (vulcanize) rubber?

A

Autoclave (vulcanizer) cure

Internal steam cure

Atmospheric steam cure (also called exhaust steam cure)

Hot-water cure

Chemical cure

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65
Q

What are the three categories of natural rubber?

A

Soft

Semi-hard

Hard

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66
Q

A __________ lining construction is used to form a sandwich which is semi-hard, or hard, rubber between two layers of soft rubber.

A

Tri-Ply

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67
Q

What are some types of synthetic rubber?

A

Butyl rubber

Neoprene rubber

Nitrile rubber

Chlorobutyl rubber

Hypalon types

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68
Q

What are some causes of failure when using rubber linings?

A

Incorrect product selected for the intended service.

Using rubber after the shelf life has expired.

Using rubber lining that was not properly stored. Rubber must be kept cool in storage because, with heat, it can vulcanize on the roll. If this occurs, the material should be discarded.

Incorrect application process.

Inadequate cure.

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69
Q

What are three methods for applying polyethylene?

A

Melting the resin and extruding in onto the surface of the article

Heating the work piece and then immersing in into a fluidized bed

Flame spraying

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70
Q

This document applies collectively to codes, specifications, recommended practices, classifications, test methods, and guides, which have been prepared by a standards developing organization or group, and published in accordance with the established procedures.

A

The Standards Engineering Society (SES)

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71
Q

__________ are standards established generally by private-sector bodies and that are available for use by any person or organization, private or government.

A

Voluntary standards

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72
Q

__________ are standards that require compliance because of a government statue or regulation, an organization internal policy, or contractual requirement.

A

Mandatory standards

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73
Q

What is used to refer to the one-per-country standardization organization which is that country’s membership to International Organization for Standardization (ISO)?

A

National Standards Body (NSB)

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74
Q

What is used to refer to the thousands of industry or sector-based standards organizations that develop and publish industry specific standards.

A

Standards Developing Organization (SDO)

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75
Q

What are the three NACE standards classifications?

A

Standards Practice (SP)

Test Method (TM)

Materials Requirement (MR)

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76
Q

What are some properties of concrete?

A

Extremely durable

Inorganic

Hard

Has good compressive strength

Improves with age

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77
Q

Concrete cures with a process called __________.

A

Hydration

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78
Q

Poured concrete can be affected by:

A

Ambient conditions

Vibration

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79
Q

__________ is the process of spraying or slinging shotcrete onto a surface as a coating to restore concrete to its original grade.

A

Guniting

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80
Q

What are some reasons to coat concrete?

A

Decoration

Waterproofing

Enhancing chemical resistance

Protection from freeze-thaw cycles

Protection of reinforcing steel

Decontamination

Surface sealer

Protection against abrasion and erosion

Color coding

Protecting purity of water or other products contained

Improving and simplifying cleaning

Skid resistance

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81
Q

__________ is a weak surface layer of water-rich cement mixture on the surface of fresh concrete caused by the upward movement of water.

A

Laitance

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82
Q

__________ is caused by moisture passing through the concrete and carrying soluble concrete salts with it to the surface. The salts react with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere creating a fluffy white crystalline deposit on the surface.

A

Efflorescence

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83
Q

Surface preparation is generally performed on concrete by:

A

Abrasive blast cleaning

Hand and power tool cleaning

High-pressure water-jetting or blasting

Acid etching

Stoning

Centrifugal blasting

Scarifying

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84
Q

__________ is the Joint Surface Preparation Standard for Surface Preparation of Concrete.

A

NACE No. 6/ SSPC-SP 13

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85
Q

What are the advantages to waterjetting and wet abrasive blasting concrete?

A

Fast cutting of the surface

Washing dust away

Reducing abrasive and concrete particles in the air

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86
Q

__________ consists of scrubbing a mixture of cement mortar over the concrete surface using a cement sack, gunny sack, or sponge rubber float.

A

Sacking

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87
Q

__________ is similar to sacking, except that a carborundum brick, or other appropriate block, is used to smooth the surface of the concrete.

A

Stoning

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88
Q

Several generic types of coatings may be used over concrete including:

A

Bituminous cutbacks

Chlorinated rubber

Vinyl

Epoxy

Novalac epoxy

Elastomeric polyurethane

Sheet materials (e.g., rubber)

Glass-fiber reinforced plastics

Furan resins

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89
Q

What are some tests to determine the presence of moisture in concrete?

A

ASTM D 4263, Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method

ASTM F 1869, Calcium Chloride Test

Electronic Testing: Concrete Moisture Meter

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90
Q

__________ is the Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.

A

ASTM D 4263

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91
Q

__________ is the Calcium Chloride Test.

A

ASTM F 1869

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92
Q

In pipeline mainline and filed joint coatings, construction materials may include, but are not limited to:

A

Steel

Aluminum

Stainless

Plastic

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93
Q

Typical plant-applied or mainline coatings include:

A

2-Layer PE

3-Layer PE

Fusion bonded epoxy

Tapes

Coal tar enamel

Asphalt

Insulated

Concrete

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94
Q

Polyethylene (PE) can be extruded by:

A

Side extrusion for large diameter pipe

Crosshead extrusion

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95
Q

Common characteristics of FBE include:

A

Typically green or red and looks like a “painted” finish

May be a single layer or a two-layer “dual power”

DFT from 250 and 500 microns (10 to 20 mils)

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96
Q

The FBE application process includes:

A

Preheating the pipe

Grit or shot blast the area to NACE No. 2/ SSPC-SP 10

Optional: pre-treat the area with an acid bath

Heat the pipe to the specified temperature

Apply the FBE coating

Curing the FBE coating application

Quench the coating in a fresh water bath

Stencil

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97
Q

What are the advantages of coal tar enamel pipeline coatings?

A

Ease of application

Long life in some environments

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98
Q

What are the disadvantages of coal tar enamel pipeline coatings?

A

Subject to corrosion and damage from soil stress

Environmental and exposure concerns

Use of coal tar is regulated in some locations

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99
Q

The general application process for coal tar enamel includes:

A

Prime the pipe

Apply coal tar enamel dope

Wrap the application with glass fiber mat

Apply a second layer of CTE dope

Wrap the application with a second layer of glass fiber mat

Apply an outer wrap of coal tar impregnated glass fiber felt

Cool the application

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100
Q

Concrete coating characteristics include:

A

Used in conjunction with other coating such as FBE

Used to reduce buoyancy so the pipe will sink

Can be applied in many thicknesses

Can be applied to any diameter of pipe

101
Q

Pipeline coating field joints include:

A

Heat shrink sleeves

Insulated half shells

Field foam

Liquid epoxies

Cold applied tapes

Hot applied tapes

FBE field joints

Petrolatum (wax) tapes

102
Q

Non-destructive tests for heat shrink sleeves include:

A

Visual inspection

Physical inspection

Holiday detection

103
Q

Destructive tests for heat shrink sleeves include:

A

Holiday detection (if the voltage is set too high)

Peel test. A 25 mm (1”) wide strip cut, peeled from the pipe

104
Q

The following materials can be used to repair FBE:

A

Epoxy FBE melt sticks

Liquid epoxy

Repair patches

Heat shrink sleeves

105
Q

What are some common reasons wood might be painted?

A

Decoration

Protection

Sealing

Stabilization

Preservation

Flame retardance

106
Q

Non-ferrous substrates include:

A

Stainless steel

Nickel

Copper/ nickel alloys

Aluminum

Aluminum bronzes

Copper

Bronzes

Brass

Tin

Cadmium

Lead

Magnesium

Zinc (includes hot-dipped galvanized and thermal spray)

107
Q

What are some special substrates that have tightly adherent oxide films?

A

Stainless steel

Nickel

Tin

Cadmium

108
Q

__________ __________ __________ are defined as applying coatings over a substrate that has been installed in its final environment and has been placed in service.

A

Maintenance coating operations

109
Q

The life cycle of a coating system can be affected by:

A 
The steel in question
Costs
The service atmosphere
Product
Maintenance
110
Q

When determining the coating system life cycle, the following should be considered:

A

The particular coating system to be used
The initial cost
Time until first maintenance coating will be applied
Maintenance cost during the life of the coating system
The length of time the product will last
The maintenance cost per year
The cost over the life of the system

111
Q

Maintenance coating selection process should take the following into consideration:

A

Compatible with the existing coating system
Condition of the existing coating
Limitations on surface preparation
Manufacturer’s recommendation

112
Q

With regards to maintenance coatings, all parties should agree on:

A

Spot repair requirements
Feathering
Appearance of repaired areas

113
Q

__________ is performed at the repaired area by working the edges of the repaired area back, to achieve a fairly smooth transition from the repair area to the sound coating.

A

Feathering

114
Q

If a maintenance coating to be applied is incompatible with the existing coating system, __________ may occur.

A

Curling

115
Q

Some service situations in which permeation may occur include:

A

Sour crude storage tanks
Cooling towers
Fertilizer

116
Q

__________ __________ is the process of coating iron or steel with a thin zinc layer, by passing the steel through a molten bath of zinc at a temperature of around 820-860 F (460 C)

A

Hot-dip galvanizing

117
Q

The usual galvanizing coating consists of three distinct iron-zinc compounds:

A

Gamma - 75% zinc and 25% iron
Delta - 90% zinc and 10% iron
Zeta - 94% zinc and 6% iron

Eta (outer layer) - 100% zinc (not considered a separate layer)

118
Q

What is considered “Gamma” when galvanizing?

A

75% zinc and 25% iron

119
Q

What is considered “Delta” when galvanizing?

A

90% zinc and 10% iron

120
Q

What is considered “Zeta” when galvanizing?

A

94% zinc and 6% iron

121
Q

What is considered “Eta” when galvanizing?

A

Outer layer - 100% zinc (not considered a separate layer)

122
Q

A few safety issues the inspector should know when working around hot dip galvanizing are:

A

Hot-dipped articles stay hot and to make sure the article is cool before touching it.

Molten metal can splash out of the kettle and travel some distance.

Nascent hydrogen may burn off in the air.

123
Q

What are some major stages in the hot-dip process?

A

Surface preparation

Fluxing

Dipping

Post treatments

Inspection

124
Q

When __________ __________, the steel is immersed in a caustic solution to remove the dirt, oil, and grease from the surface of the steel.

A

Caustic cleaning

125
Q

When __________, the item i immersed in a tank filled with either hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, which removes oxides and mill scale.

A

Pickling

126
Q

The __________ ___________ is typically operated at a temperature ranging from 820-860 F (438-460 C)

A

Galvanizing kettle

127
Q

What type of surface depends on friction to hold the structural elements in place and should not be hot-dip galvanized, because the treatment greatly reduces the possible coefficient of friction between the surfaces.

A

Faying

128
Q

What are the different methods of thermal spray application?

A

Flame spraying

Arc spraying

Plasma spraying

High-velocity oxyfuel

129
Q

A _________ __________ is a task performed in an organized, rational manner on assets (bridge, oil rigs, chemical plant, refinery, paper mill, etc.) that have been previously painted/ coated to gather information on the performance of the installed protective coating system.

A

Coating survey

130
Q

What are some of the primary reasons surveys are performed?

A

Aid in planning future maintenance

Work prioritization

Budgetary purposes

Aid in determining asset’s value

Legal compliance

131
Q

What are the two categories of curing?

A

Non-convertible

Convertible

132
Q

What is non-convertible curing?

A

No chemical change occurs during the cure cycle.

133
Q

What is convertible curing?

A

Some chemical change occurs during the cure cycle.

134
Q

What are some examples of non-convertible coatings?

A

Chlorinated rubber

Vinyl coatings

Acrylic coatings

Bituminous coatings

135
Q

What is a polymerization cured coating?

A

Coatings that cure through a chemical reaction.

136
Q

What are some examples of convertible cured coatings?

A

Alkyds

Epoxy coatings

Polyester/ vinyl ester coatings

Polyurethane

Polyureas

Silicone coatings

Inorganic zinc

137
Q

What is the cause of chalking on an epoxy coating?

A

Caused by exposure to UV (sunlight) and other radiation.

138
Q

When using solvent borne inorganic zinc, what would be one common reason for failure to cure?

A

Low humidity, these coatings cure by solvent evaporation and chemical reaction by absorption of moisture from the surrounding atmosphere.

139
Q

Handheld electronic hygrometers can be used __________?

A

After stabilization in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.

140
Q

Standalone data loggers have the following characteristics:

A

Automatically measure and store environmental conditions.

May have alarms when conditions are not met.

Could be some handheld hydrometers with special attachments.

141
Q

The pH of a solution that is between 0.0 and 6.5 is considered to be __________?

A

Acidic

142
Q

You are the inspector of a project that requires the use of a pH meter. What steps are required to assure the owner that the results given are accurate?

A

Calibration of instruments.

Verification of calibration and buffer solution.

143
Q

You are the inspector on a project where bronze is the coated substrate. To determine the DFT nondestructively you would use which of the following gauges?

A

Eddy current

144
Q

Ultrasonic DFT gauges are designed to measure the film nondestructively by sending _________?

A

A sound pulse through the coating.

145
Q

Moisture meters would commonly be used to determine the moisture content in __________?

A

Concrete

Plaster

Wood

146
Q

What standards are most commonly used for the determination of dry film thickness (DFT) of coatings on concrete by ultrasonic gauges?

A

ASTM D6132

SSPC PA 9

147
Q

Which of the following materials are likely to be used to check moisture content in concrete?

A

Plastic Sheet

148
Q

Holiday detection of fusion bonded epoxy, having a DFT of less that 500 microns (20 mils) is most commonly performed using __________?

A

High voltage DC holiday detection.

149
Q

According to ASTM D 3359, Method B (Crosshatch) can be performed on coating thickness of __________?

A

2 Mils (51 Microns)

4 Mils (102 Microns)

150
Q

DFT measurements by destructive means (ASTM 4138) requires the use of which of the following?

A

Tooke Gauge

Saberg Drill

151
Q

ASTM D 4752 is a destructive test to determine the curve of ethyl silicate inorganic zinc by rubbing the surface with __________?

A

Fifty (50) double rubs using methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)

152
Q

When applying an adhesion dolly to a painted concrete surface, you should be sure to __________?

A

Remove excess adhesive.

153
Q

The solvent sensitivity test ASTM D5402 can be used to determine cure for which coating?

A

Epoxy

154
Q

Which test determines a coatings resistance to indentation or impression?

A

Durometer

155
Q

You are the inspector on a project where a coating failure has occurred and the owner is asking for samples. What collection procedures would be important to follow?

A

Identification of material to be analyzed.

Chain of custody process.

PDS and SDS of material being shipped.

156
Q

Which laboratory instruments analyzes the composition of an organic coating binder?

A

Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR)

157
Q

Electronic hydrometers can be used to determine:

A

Relative Humidity

Air Temperature

Dew Point Temperature

158
Q

Advanced environmental testing instruments have the ability to store data that can be transferred to a computer and other devices. Transfer methods include:

A

USB

IR (infrared)

Bluetooth

159
Q

What ASTM is the Standard Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method?

A

ASTM D 4263

160
Q

A segment of a 1.0mm (4.0 Mil) thick, clear polyethylene sheet approximately 457 x 457 mm (18 x 18 in.) is taped over the concrete to be tested so that the concrete is tightly sealed from the atmosphere and sunlight. The test patch is allowed to remain for a minimum of 16 hours. What ASTM is this?

A

ASTM D 4263, Standard for Test Method for Indicating Moisture in Concrete by the Plastic Sheet Method.

161
Q

Who produces a set of comparator plates for various surfaces of prepared concrete?

A

International Concrete Repair Institute (ICRI)

162
Q

DFT of coating on concrete can be measured by:

A

Estimated from WFT

Estimated from quantity of coating used.

Verified by paint inspection gauge (Tooke)

Determined by a modified gauge based on ultrasound.

163
Q

What standards are used for dry film measurement of coatings over concrete?

A

ASTM D6132-97 Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings over Concrete using an Ultrasonic Gauge.

SSPC PA9 Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness on Cementitious Substrates

164
Q

What ASTM is the Standard Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Applied Organic Coatings over Concrete Using an Ultrasonic Gauge?

A

ASTM D6132-97

165
Q

What SSPC is the Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness on Cementitious Substrates

A

SSPC PA9

166
Q

Describe the proper safe operating procedure for a low voltage holiday detector.

A

Ground cable is attached directly to the substrate.

Sponge saturated with a solution of tap water/ wetting agent.

Minimum rate of 30 cm/s (1 linear ft/s) double stroke.

Used on coatings up to 20 Mils.

May be used on concrete.

167
Q

What are some of the errors that may occur while using a high voltage DC holiday detector?

A

Failure to keep the probe in contact with the surface.

Moving the electrode too quickly or slowly.

Lack of display (low battery or bad/ missing fuse).

Continuous alarm due to damp surface or quick movement.

No alarm due to low voltage/ sensitivity settings.

No spark due to a lead or connection failure.

168
Q

These tests are accelerated procedures to determine the comparative degree to which the tested coating may be loosened from the substrate, or may develop holidays as a result of the action of normal soil potentials and/or impressed current cathodic protection?

A

Cathodic Disbondment

169
Q

List some of the specialized test or equipment that may be encountered by the coating inspector, particularly if involved in the investigation of coating failures/

A

Atomic Absorption/ Emission (AA/AE) and Induction Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectrophotometers.

Gas Liquid Chromatogrpahs (GLC)

Infrared Spectrophotometers (IR and FTIR, and FTIR-ATR)

Differential Scanning Calorimeters (DSC)

170
Q

What information should be included when providing a sample for the laboratory?

A

The identity of the materials to be analyzed.

The inspector should ensure that the samples are properly packed and labeled. A chain of custody form should accompany the samples. A copy of this should be retained by the inspector.

The type of analysis required.

Expected concentrations of concentrations of interest.

171
Q

The principle component of mild carbon steel __________?

A

Iron (Fe)

172
Q

The formation of a thin surface layer on metals, whether an oxide, carbonate, or other compound, that slows the rate of corrosion process is called?

A

Passivation

173
Q

Which is the part of a corrosion cell where metal dissolves?

A

Anode

174
Q

Which of these elements is likely to accelerate corrosion on a steel structure?

A

Salts

High Temperatures

Pollutants

175
Q

In a cathodic protection system the metal being protected is the __________?

A

Cathode

176
Q

When parts of a metal surface are shielded from full exposure to the environment because of the close proximity of another metal, corrosion at that location is identified as __________?

A

Crevice Corrosion

177
Q

Cathodic protection using impressed current is most commonly used on __________?

A

Pipelines

178
Q

Impressed current systems anodes include ________?

A

Graphite

High Silicon Cast Iron

179
Q

You are the coating inspector on a project with dehumidification provided by a rotating bed type dehumidifier. The silica gel has become contaminated. What do you expect to happen with the silica gel?

A

It can no longer absorb moisture.

180
Q

What effects does the rotating bed dehumidifier have on on the treatment of ambient air?

A

It is heated and the humidity is decreased.

181
Q

In a centrifugal blast operation, the degree of cleanliness is determined primarily by __________?

A

Speed of travel

182
Q

Which of the following are advantages of portable centrifugal blast cleaning?

A

Can be used for multiple substrates.

Dust can be collected for disposal.

Abrasives can be recycled.

183
Q

Which of the following are abrasives that can be used in centrifugal blast units?

A

Steel Shot/ Grit

Glass Beads

Garnet

Walnut Shells

184
Q

When compared to abrasive blast cleaning, which of the following are advantages of waterjetting?

A

Typically less stringent respiratory protection required.

No abrasive waste disposal requirements.

185
Q

The waterjetting standard allowing for the least amount of contaminates is:

A

NACE WJ-1 / SSPC-SP WJ-1

186
Q

What are the flash rust designations for waterjetting?

A

No flash rust;

Light;

Moderate; and

Heavy.

187
Q

When viewing NACE WJ-2 / SSPC-SP WJ-2 - Very Thorough Cleaning, the allowable tightly adherent thin coatings that can remain on the surface after preparation is:

A

5%

188
Q

When using UHP waterjetting with an inhibitor, the steel surface after cleaning will appear __________?

A

A dull matte finish.

189
Q

Waterjetting can be an effective method for __________?

A

Removing Rust

Cleaning Pits

Removing Barnacles

190
Q

As the coating inspector on a high pressure waterjetting project, what safety gear would you expect to see?

A

Metatarsal Guard

Whip Lock

Hose Shroud

191
Q

What cleaning method uses water at pressures from 34 to 70 MPa (5,000 - 10,000 PSI)?

A

High Pressure Water Cleaning

192
Q

You are a new inspector on a UHP waterjetting project. What is the typical distance between the waterjetting tip and surface that you would expect to see?

A

2 inches (5 cm)

193
Q

Which of the following are some of the physical dangers in application of polyester coatings?

A

Central nervous system damage.

Skin and respiratory irritation.

Damage to the eyes.

194
Q

Brass chills are most commonly associated with which process?

A

Thermal Spray

195
Q

What is one of the most common safety risks associated with electrostatic spray application?

A

Electrocution/ Burns

196
Q

Thermosetting materials are materials which ___________?

A

Harden when heated and retain their hardness when cooled.

197
Q

The feed mechanisms for a plural component spray unit are where the __________.

A

Components are blended in a manifold and mixed in a static mixer.

Components are mixed at the spray gun tip.

198
Q

Which of the following are common methods for the electrostatic application of liquid or powder coatings?

A

Post atomization charging

Direct charging

Tribo charging

199
Q

You are the inspector on a project where the application is required on a large surface consisting of 200 radiators, connected and stacked 1” (25 mm) apart. The configuration will not allow a dip process, so the most logical application would be __________?

A

Flood and flow coating.

200
Q

The basic function of fireproofing is __________?

A

Providing temporary protection to living or work spaces.

201
Q

Bio-fouling of the submerged portion of ships in minimized through the application of __________.

A

Ablative coatings.

Self-smoothing coatings.

202
Q

Which of the following components are contained in powder coatings?

A

Pigments.

Resin/ Binder.

Flow control additives.

203
Q

You are the inspector on a project that requires coating the internal of 4 in (10 cm) diameter piping. The owner asks for an example of an application process for coating the internals. What would be the best choice?

A

Centrifugal Spray

204
Q

The benefits of electrostatic spray over conventional spray are __________.

A

Produces somewhat thicker coatings on sharp edges.

Transfer efficiency improved.

205
Q

Coating materials that soften when heated and return to their original hardness when cooled are known as __________?

A

Thermoplastic materials

206
Q

What are the most common curing methods for a field applied natural rubber lining project?

A

Atmospheric steam or internal steam.

207
Q

Which component cross links with the natural rubber giving a physicochemical change that makes the rubber harder?

A

Sulfur

208
Q

Typically polymeric sheet materials are __________.

A

Thermoplastic

Heat welded together at seams

Primed with suitable adhesive

209
Q

The formal process in which a standard is changed or updated is __________.

A

Change Control

210
Q

You will inspect a project in 6 months’ time where the requirements of a consensus standard is being interpreted differently by the various parties. What would be the best course of action to resolve the matter?

A

Request interpretation from the originating organization.

211
Q

The standards produced by NACE international are considered to be __________.

A

Consensus Standards

212
Q

Cement mortar coatings have prevented reinforced steel from corroding when when subjected to which solution?

A

Potable Water

213
Q

Concrete cures by which process?

A

Hydration

214
Q

Many grades of steel are passivated by concrete when the pH of the concrete reaches _________.

A

> 11.5 (greater than 11.5)

215
Q

The term Gunite refers to:

A

Shotcrete Application

216
Q

What type of coating has a long history of successful application nd use in swimming pools?

A

Chlorinated Rubber

217
Q

What is the joint abrasive blasting standard for the surface preparation of concrete?

A

NACE 6/ SSPC SP-13

218
Q

Linings are applied to the inside of pipelines in order to __________.

A

Maintain product purity.

Reduce resistance to flow.

219
Q

All 2-layer polyethylene (2LPE) applies directly to steel with a __________.

A

Black mastic (asphalt and rubber) adhesive applied beneath the polyethylene (PE)

220
Q

You have taken an assignment as a coatings inspector on a pipeline being installed in your locality. The mainline sections of the pipe have already been coated in the fabrication facility. To ensure the field joint coatings are properly applied you will need to know which of the following?

A

What mainline coating was originally applied.

The field joint coating specified.

221
Q

Which coating is in limited use due to environmental and exposure concerns?

A

Coal Tar Epoxy

222
Q

What is the most common application method for Petrolatum (wax) tape on a pipeline?

A

Hand

223
Q

Inspection considerations for heat shrink sleeves include which of the following?

A

Ensure the sleeve is in full contact with the pipe.

Ensure there is adhesive flow-out beyond the sleeve edge.

Holiday detection at proper voltage.

224
Q

Liquid applied epoxy coatings for pipelines typically require that you ensure which quality control steps?

A

Pre-cleaning surface to remove contaminants.

Surface preparation conforms to the specification.

Ensure mixing per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

225
Q

You are the coating inspector on a pipeline project where field applied foam will be used for insulation. Which of the following are quality concerns regarding the cutback?

A

Squared cutback edges.

Cutting into the anti-corrosion coating.

Minimum overlap at joints.

226
Q

You are the coatings inspector on a project where stainless steel is the substrate. What challenges should you anticipate in the process?

A

A smooth surface that needs to be abraded.

Dirt, oil, or grease.

A protective oxide.

227
Q

On which substrate would you expect to encounter tightly adherent oxide film?

A

Anodized Aluminum

228
Q

Which of the following are some primary reasons for coating wood?

A

Decoration

Flame Retarding

Sealing

229
Q

Which substrates should be protected from contact with highly alkaline materials?

A

Zinc

Aluminum

Lead

230
Q

You are the inspector on a project that is planning for repairs and overcoating an existing structure before any work is performed what pre-inspection challenges might you look for?

A

Blistering

Loss of adhesion

Under-film corrosion

Contaminants such as chalking, oil, grease, and dirt

231
Q

You are called to inspect a project where the existing coating system is unknown. It is good practice to __________ prior to the overcoat process.

A

Evaluate the adhesion of the existing coating.

Attempt to determine the existing coating composition.

Remove contaminates and abrade surface.

232
Q

The process of working back or “sanding” the edges of existing coatings to achieve a “fairly” transition to the sound coating is called __________.

A

Feathering.

233
Q

Which of the following are elements of a good maintenance coating operation?

A

Pre-job inspection

Surface preparation

Application

Inspection and reporting

234
Q

The major surface preparation steps for hot dipped galvanizing include which of the following?

A

Solvent cleaning by caustic immersion.

Acid pickling by hydrochloric or sulphuric acid.

235
Q

Annealing is a term used to define the process of __________.

A

Of converting the galvanized coating into an alloy.

236
Q

You will be the inspector for a hot dipped galvanized project. Which of the following are likely reasons for rejection of the galvanized material?

A

Gross dross protrusions

Gross ash inclusion

Gross flux inclusion

237
Q

The development of a dull gray appearance in freshly hot-dipped steel often occurs as a result of?

A

High silicon steels.

238
Q

What is a method of applying zinc to metal substrates by heating the object in an air-tight container with zinc powder?

A

Sherardizing

239
Q

In the protective coatings industry, the application method known as thermal spray metalizing is which of the following?

A

Spraying molten metal on substrates.

240
Q

Thermal sprayed coatings are most typically applied to __________.

A

Iron (steel)

241
Q

Which thermal spray application method applies a film with the least porosity?

A

High-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF)

242
Q

Which standard defines the minimum level of surface cleanliness for thermal spray coatings in atmospheric exposure?

A

NACE 2/ SSPC-SP 10 or ISO 2 1/2

243
Q

Which of the following are primary reasons for performing coatings surveys?

A

Provide budget information.

Prioritize the coating work.

Meet legal compliance guidelines.

Plan the meeting process.

244
Q

A coating film that involves a chemical change within the resin/ binder during curing is called a __________.

A

Convertible Coating

245
Q

Which resin type is commonly blended with other resin types because of its excellent resistance to UV degradation?

A

Acrylic

246
Q

Coatings that cure by chemical reaction yet are package in a single container are?

A

Alkyds/ Oil Enamels

Moisture Cured Urethane

247
Q

Which of the listed coatings failures is common to both convertible and non-convertible coatings?

A

Incorrect Film Thickness

248
Q

Pure silicon coatings typically require a two-step cure process where the first step is solvent evaporation. What is the second step?

A

Heat (fusion) curing

AMPP (4 decks)

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