Na,K,Ce,NH4 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the Most Abundant EXTRACELLULAR (outside the cell) cation

A

Sodium

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2
Q

Sodium is used to optimized what?

A

To optimized the Pharmaceutical use of a certain organic
compound.

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3
Q

Example of optimization of an organic compound using sodium?

A

Sodium ascorbate.
- it is the combination of ascorbic acid + sodium hydroxide. which for better stability.

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4
Q

What are the 14 important salts under sodium?

A
  1. Sodium Bicarbonate
  2. Sodium Carbonate
  3. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
  4. Sodium Chloride
  5. Sodium citrate
  6. Sodium fluoride
  7. Sodium Hydroxide
  8. Sodium Hypochlorite
  9. Sodium Iodide
  10. Sodium Nitrite
  11. Sodium Sodium Nitrate
  12. Sodium sulfate
  13. Sodium Thiosulfate
  14. Sodium tartrate
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5
Q

Sodium bicarbonate aka ______

A

Baking Soda

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6
Q

What is the base of NaHCO3?

A

HCO3- Base
↑high: ALkalosis
↓low: ACidosis

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7
Q

What are the USES of Sodium Bicarbonate? ADT (SAM)

A
  1. Antacid (systemic)
    - (chemical antagonist) → neutralized excess acid
  2. Dentifrice (Abrasive)
    - (pang linis ng ngipin)
  3. Tx of Acidosis (Metabolic)
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8
Q

Chemical Formula for Sodium Carbonate

A

Na2CO3

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8
Q

What are the S/E of NaHCO3?

A
  1. Rebound hyperacidity
  2. Alkalosis
  3. Edema
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8
Q

What preparation involve in Sodium carbonate?

A

Solvay Process

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9
Q

Uses of Sodium carbonate?

A
  1. Acid-base titration: Primary Standard
  2. Manuf of Soda Lime Glass
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10
Q

There are two forms of sodium carbonate what are they?

A

Forms
➢ Na2CO3 * 10H2O (Decahydrate form)
➢Na2 CO3 * 3/2 H2O (Sesquihydrate form)

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11
Q

Na2CO3 * 10H2O (Decahydrate form) other names?

A

→ Washing Soda
→ sal soda
→ soda crystal

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12
Q

Na2 CO3 * 3/2 H2O (Sesquihydrate form) other names

A

→ Trona
→ Urao

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13
Q

What is the property of sodium carbonate ?

A

➢ Property:
Efflorescent = the lost of water; the lost of crystallization
→ From (may water) hydrous nag convert in anhydrous

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14
Q

Anhydrous (Sodium carbonate) aka ______

A

→ Soda ash
→ calcined sod

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15
Q

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate aka

A

Fleet Enema

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16
Q

Use of Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

A

Laxative (osmotic laxative)

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17
Q

Sodium Chloride other names:

A
  1. Table salt (typically in board exam)
  2. Rock salt (typically in board exam)
  3. Halite
  4. Soler salt
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18
Q

Sodium chloride geometry _____

A

cubic

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19
Q

Uses of Sodium chloride (CEP)

A
  1. Condiment
  2. Electrolyte replenisher
  3. Preservative
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19
Q

Sodium Citrate uses (BEADS)

A

Uses:
1. Buffer (change in pH)
2. Expectorant
3. Alkalizer (if may acidosis)
4. Diuretic
5. Sequestering agent

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19
Q

Lumalabas sa board exam, in-vitro and in-vivo:
➢ In-Vitro
➢ In-Vivo

A

➢ In-Vitro (outside the body)
→ It acts as ANTICOAGULANT
➢ In-Vivo (Inside the body)
→ PRO-COAGULANT

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20
Q

Uses of NaF (WAS)

A

➢ Water fluoridation
→ controlled addition of Fluoride to Public water supply
➢ Anti-Cariogenic (tooth decay) –> 2%
➢ Stimulator of bone formation

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21
Q

What are the components of soda lime with their percentage?

A
  1. Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH))→ 94%
  2. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) → 5%
  3. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) → 1%
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21
Q

Sodium Hydroxide other names:

A
  1. Caustic soda
  2. Sosa
  3. Lye
  4. Saponifying agent
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21
Q

Soda lime is used as ______

A

carbon dioxide absorber

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21
Q

Property of NaOH

A

→ Deliquescent
(Originally solid substance, nag absorb ng moisture and that causes
Liquefaction

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22
Q

What is leaching process?

A

→ Leaching Process
- taga-Transfer ng component mo sa container papunta sa Product mo

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23
Q

AKA Clorox - Bleaching agent

A

sodium Hypochlorite

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24
Q

How many percentages does sodium hypochlorite is in dakins solution?

A

→ 0.5%

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25
Q

Uses of Sodium Hypochlorite

A

➢ Use:
1. Disinfectant
2. Antiseptic

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26
Q

Uses of Sodium Iodide (SEAT)

A
  1. Solubilizer of iodine (board exam)
  2. Expectorant
  3. Antifungal
  4. Treatment of goiter(enlargement of thyroid gland
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27
Q

Explain how sodium iodide solubilize iodine in water.

A

*Pagnilagay sa tubig, baba ang solubility. To increase
the solubility of Iodine profile we need to add Sodium
Iodide

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28
Q

Chemical formula of sodium nitrite

A

NaNO2

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29
Q

What is DOC now for Cyanide toxicity?

A

*DOC(now) of Cyanide poisoning is HYDROXOCOBALAMIN (board exam)

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29
Q

Uses of NaNO2

A

Uses:
1. Vasodilator
2. Preservatives
3. Tx of Cyanide Toxicity
→ Hemoglobin (Fe2+) converts into Methemoglobin (Fe3+)

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30
Q

Explain how NaNO2 treats Cyanide Toxicity

A

*Cyanide nag bind sa Cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV) kaya nagkakaroon
ng Cyanide poisoning. Via Conversion of Hemoglobin into Methemoglobin.
The Fe3+ lang ang pwede mag break sa bond ng cyanide at Cytochrome
oxidase.

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31
Q

What are the other antidotes for cyanide poisoning? (3)

A

Cyanide Poisoning
1. NaNO2
2. Amyl nitrate
3. Na thiosulfate

32
Q

Chemical formula of sodium nitrate?

A

NaNO3

33
Q

aka salt peter?

A

Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)

34
Q

aka glauber’s salt ______

A

sodium Sulfate

34
Q

2 uses of Sodium nitrate? (FeEx)

A
  1. Fertilizer (oldest fertilizer)
  2. Manuf of Explosive
34
Q

Uses if sodium sulfate

A

Saline Laxative (osmotic laxative)
→ osmotic (can be salt or sugar)

35
Q

Sodium Sulfate other name than the Glaubers salt?

A

Sal mirable (like saline)

36
Q

Sodium tartrates capture the ________

A

amount of water

37
Q

Purpose of KF (Karl fisher) titration ?

A

to determine the water content of
the sample

38
Q

Uses of sodium tartrates? (KF, B, E)

A
  1. KF (Karl fisher) titration = to determined the water content of
    the sample
  2. Binder
    → jelly, margarine
  3. Emulsifier
39
Q

Sodium thiosulfate other names:

A
  1. Photographer’s hypo
  2. Prismatic rice
39
Q

Uses of Sodium thiosulfate

A
  1. Photographic fixer
    → acts as image stabilizer
  2. Antidote for cyanide toxicity
    Cyanide convert into thiocyanate(readily excreted in the body)
    3.Rescue in Cisplatin-induced toxicity
  3. Anti-fungal (an-an)
39
Q

Explain Sodium thiosulfate used to rescue in cisplastin-induced toxicity.

A

Cisplatin is used for anti-cancer but it gives nephrotoxicity. That’s why we need rescue therapy which is Sodium
Thiosulfate.

39
Q

What is the present drug that is used for cisplastin-induced toxicity?

A

AMIFOSTINE (rescue therapy)

40
Q

Potassium aka ______

A

Kalium

41
Q

Potassium is the most abundant ________ cation

A

INTRAcellular

42
Q

Deficiency of K

A

Hypokalemia

43
Q

Toxicity of K

A

Hyperkalemia

44
Q

K Chloride drug?

A

Kalium durules

44
Q

Use of KCl

A

Uses: Electrolyte Replenisher (Manage Hypokalemia)
➢ Note:
1. Must NOT be given IV push, it can cause cardiac arres

44
Q

Does KCl a component of lethal injection?

A

Yes

44
Q

What are the steps/process for Lethan injection? (SPK)

A
  1. Sedate (use Benzodiazepine, Midezolam(binibigay)
  2. Paralyze (Paralytic agent – Pancuronium (SMR) (binibigay)
  3. Kill (K chloride (binibigay)
45
Q

AKA caustic potash and lye potash

A

Potassium hydroxide

46
Q

Saponification number of K

A

Koettsdorfer number
→ simply the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize and
saponify.
→ 1g of fatty acid

46
Q

K nitrate other names: (3s)

A
  1. Saltpeter
  2. Salitre (increase stability on meat)
  3. Sal prunelle
46
Q

Potassium nitrate chemical formula

A

KNO3

46
Q

Uses of KNO3

A

Diuretic and Meat Preservative

47
Q

Potassium iodide is also used for ______

A

Solubilizer of ion

48
Q

Sodium nitrate: ______ saltpeter

A

chile

49
Q

Calcium nitrate: ______ saltpeter

A

Lime saltpeter

50
Q

Potassium nitrate: ________ saltpeter

A

Ordinary saltpeter

51
Q

What chemical name is this KMnO4 ?

A

K permanganate

52
Q

KMnO4 aka ______

A

Mineral chameleon

53
Q

T/F: KMnO4 doesn’t need an indicator because it is Self-indicating already
→ Redox Titration (Permanganometry) → no indicator

A

TRUE

53
Q

Uses of K Permanganate (KMnO4):

A
  1. Antiseptic (wound cleanser)
  2. Test the degree of unsaturation (to determine kung my double or
    triple bond)
  3. Titrant (Permanganometry, Redox Titration)
54
Q

aka Rochelle salt and Sal signette

A

K sodium tartrate

54
Q

K sodium tartrate uses:

A
  1. Cathartic (Saline laxative or Osmotic Laxative)
  2. Sequestering agent
55
Q

K bitartrate other names:

A

Cream of Tartar and Cremo

56
Q

K bitartrate use:

A

Laxative

57
Q

Only insoluble potassium salt

A

K bitartrate

58
Q

Discovered: Indicate color in each
➢ 1st Cesium
➢ 2nd Rubidium

A

➢ 1st Cesium = BLUE (Pia Miss U winner)
➢ 2nd Rubidium = RED (Catriona Miss U winner)

58
Q

1st element discovered under microscope

A

Cesium

58
Q

Catalyst in Resin polymerization

A

Cesium

59
Q

Only hypothetical alkali metal (because it has 1+ charge)

A

Ammonium (NH4+)

60
Q

Ammonium (NH4+) uses:

A
  1. Diuretic
  2. Buffer
  3. Expectorant (importantly
61
Q

What ammonium does Spirit of Minderesus
is?

A

Ammonium Acetate

62
Q

Ammonium Acetate use:

A

Styptic (pabilisin ang wound healing)

63
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Ammonium Carbonate (Popular
name)

A

Baker’s Ammonia

64
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
-Ammonium carbonate + Strong
Ammonia

A

Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:

64
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
-Sal Volatile (other name)

A

Baker’s Ammonia

65
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Hartshorn (other name)

A

Baker’s Ammonia

66
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
-Preston Sal

A

Baker’s Ammonia

66
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Spirit of Hartshorn

A

Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:

66
Q

Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Spirit of Sal volatile (“Spirit”due to
added strong ammonia

A

Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:

67
Q

Both Baker’s Ammonia and Aromatic spirit of Ammonia is used as _________ especially for Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia.

A

Respiratory stimulant

68
Q

Its called Muriate of Hartshorn

A

Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)

69
Q

Uses of Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl): (UDE)

A

➢Urinary acidifier
- Treatment metabolic alkalosis
➢ Diuretic
➢ Expectorant

69
Q

T/F HCl other name is:
→ Muriatic acid (that’s why the other name of Ammonium chloride is
Muriate–it came from HC).

A