Na,K,Ce,NH4 Flashcards
1
Q
It is the Most Abundant EXTRACELLULAR (outside the cell) cation
A
Sodium
2
Q
Sodium is used to optimized what?
A
To optimized the Pharmaceutical use of a certain organic
compound.
3
Q
Example of optimization of an organic compound using sodium?
A
Sodium ascorbate.
- it is the combination of ascorbic acid + sodium hydroxide. which for better stability.
4
Q
What are the 14 important salts under sodium?
A
- Sodium Bicarbonate
- Sodium Carbonate
- Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
- Sodium Chloride
- Sodium citrate
- Sodium fluoride
- Sodium Hydroxide
- Sodium Hypochlorite
- Sodium Iodide
- Sodium Nitrite
- Sodium Sodium Nitrate
- Sodium sulfate
- Sodium Thiosulfate
- Sodium tartrate
5
Q
Sodium bicarbonate aka ______
A
Baking Soda
6
Q
What is the base of NaHCO3?
A
HCO3- Base
↑high: ALkalosis
↓low: ACidosis
7
Q
What are the USES of Sodium Bicarbonate? ADT (SAM)
A
- Antacid (systemic)
- (chemical antagonist) → neutralized excess acid - Dentifrice (Abrasive)
- (pang linis ng ngipin) - Tx of Acidosis (Metabolic)
8
Q
Chemical Formula for Sodium Carbonate
A
Na2CO3
8
Q
What are the S/E of NaHCO3?
A
- Rebound hyperacidity
- Alkalosis
- Edema
8
Q
What preparation involve in Sodium carbonate?
A
Solvay Process
9
Q
Uses of Sodium carbonate?
A
- Acid-base titration: Primary Standard
- Manuf of Soda Lime Glass
10
Q
There are two forms of sodium carbonate what are they?
A
Forms
➢ Na2CO3 * 10H2O (Decahydrate form)
➢Na2 CO3 * 3/2 H2O (Sesquihydrate form)
11
Q
Na2CO3 * 10H2O (Decahydrate form) other names?
A
→ Washing Soda
→ sal soda
→ soda crystal
12
Q
Na2 CO3 * 3/2 H2O (Sesquihydrate form) other names
A
→ Trona
→ Urao
13
Q
What is the property of sodium carbonate ?
A
➢ Property:
Efflorescent = the lost of water; the lost of crystallization
→ From (may water) hydrous nag convert in anhydrous
14
Q
Anhydrous (Sodium carbonate) aka ______
A
→ Soda ash
→ calcined sod
15
Q
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate aka
A
Fleet Enema
16
Q
Use of Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
A
Laxative (osmotic laxative)
17
Q
Sodium Chloride other names:
A
- Table salt (typically in board exam)
- Rock salt (typically in board exam)
- Halite
- Soler salt
18
Q
Sodium chloride geometry _____
A
cubic
19
Q
Uses of Sodium chloride (CEP)
A
- Condiment
- Electrolyte replenisher
- Preservative
19
Q
Sodium Citrate uses (BEADS)
A
Uses:
1. Buffer (change in pH)
2. Expectorant
3. Alkalizer (if may acidosis)
4. Diuretic
5. Sequestering agent
19
Q
Lumalabas sa board exam, in-vitro and in-vivo:
➢ In-Vitro
➢ In-Vivo
A
➢ In-Vitro (outside the body)
→ It acts as ANTICOAGULANT
➢ In-Vivo (Inside the body)
→ PRO-COAGULANT
20
Q
Uses of NaF (WAS)
A
➢ Water fluoridation
→ controlled addition of Fluoride to Public water supply
➢ Anti-Cariogenic (tooth decay) –> 2%
➢ Stimulator of bone formation
21
What are the components of soda lime with their percentage?
1. Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH))→ 94%
2. Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) → 5%
3. Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) → 1%
21
Sodium Hydroxide other names:
1. Caustic soda
2. Sosa
3. Lye
4. Saponifying agent
21
Soda lime is used as ______
carbon dioxide absorber
21
Property of NaOH
→ Deliquescent
(Originally solid substance, nag absorb ng moisture and that causes
Liquefaction
22
What is leaching process?
→ Leaching Process
- taga-Transfer ng component mo sa container papunta sa Product mo
23
AKA Clorox - Bleaching agent
sodium Hypochlorite
24
How many percentages does sodium hypochlorite is in dakins solution?
→ 0.5%
25
Uses of Sodium Hypochlorite
➢ Use:
1. Disinfectant
2. Antiseptic
26
Uses of Sodium Iodide (SEAT)
1. Solubilizer of iodine (board exam)
2. Expectorant
3. Antifungal
4. Treatment of goiter(enlargement of thyroid gland
27
Explain how sodium iodide solubilize iodine in water.
*Pagnilagay sa tubig, baba ang solubility. To increase
the solubility of Iodine profile we need to add Sodium
Iodide
28
Chemical formula of sodium nitrite
NaNO2
29
What is DOC now for Cyanide toxicity?
*DOC(now) of Cyanide poisoning is HYDROXOCOBALAMIN (board exam)
29
Uses of NaNO2
Uses:
1. Vasodilator
2. Preservatives
3. Tx of Cyanide Toxicity
→ Hemoglobin (Fe2+) converts into Methemoglobin (Fe3+)
30
Explain how NaNO2 treats Cyanide Toxicity
*Cyanide nag bind sa Cytochrome oxidase (Complex IV) kaya nagkakaroon
ng Cyanide poisoning. Via Conversion of Hemoglobin into Methemoglobin.
The Fe3+ lang ang pwede mag break sa bond ng cyanide at Cytochrome
oxidase.
31
What are the other antidotes for cyanide poisoning? (3)
Cyanide Poisoning
1. NaNO2
2. Amyl nitrate
3. Na thiosulfate
32
Chemical formula of sodium nitrate?
NaNO3
33
aka salt peter?
Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)
34
aka glauber's salt ______
sodium Sulfate
34
2 uses of Sodium nitrate? (FeEx)
1. Fertilizer (oldest fertilizer)
2. Manuf of Explosive
34
Uses if sodium sulfate
Saline Laxative (osmotic laxative)
→ osmotic (can be salt or sugar)
35
Sodium Sulfate other name than the Glaubers salt?
Sal mirable (like saline)
36
Sodium tartrates capture the ________
amount of water
37
Purpose of KF (Karl fisher) titration ?
to determine the water content of
the sample
38
Uses of sodium tartrates? (KF, B, E)
1. KF (Karl fisher) titration = to determined the water content of
the sample
2. Binder
→ jelly, margarine
3. Emulsifier
39
Sodium thiosulfate other names:
1. Photographer’s hypo
2. Prismatic rice
39
Uses of Sodium thiosulfate
1. Photographic fixer
→ acts as image stabilizer
2. Antidote for cyanide toxicity
Cyanide convert into thiocyanate(readily excreted in the body)
3.Rescue in Cisplatin-induced toxicity
4. Anti-fungal (an-an)
39
Explain Sodium thiosulfate used to rescue in cisplastin-induced toxicity.
Cisplatin is used for anti-cancer but it gives nephrotoxicity. That’s why we need rescue therapy which is Sodium
Thiosulfate.
39
What is the present drug that is used for cisplastin-induced toxicity?
AMIFOSTINE (rescue therapy)
40
Potassium aka ______
Kalium
41
Potassium is the most abundant ________ cation
INTRAcellular
42
Deficiency of K
Hypokalemia
43
Toxicity of K
Hyperkalemia
44
K Chloride drug?
Kalium durules
44
Use of KCl
Uses: Electrolyte Replenisher (Manage Hypokalemia)
➢ Note:
1. Must NOT be given IV push, it can cause cardiac arres
44
Does KCl a component of lethal injection?
Yes
44
What are the steps/process for Lethan injection? (SPK)
1. Sedate (use Benzodiazepine, Midezolam(binibigay)
2. Paralyze (Paralytic agent – Pancuronium (SMR) (binibigay)
3. Kill (K chloride (binibigay)
45
AKA caustic potash and lye potash
Potassium hydroxide
46
Saponification number of K
Koettsdorfer number
→ simply the number of mg of KOH required to neutralize and
saponify.
→ 1g of fatty acid
46
K nitrate other names: (3s)
1. Saltpeter
2. Salitre (increase stability on meat)
3. Sal prunelle
46
Potassium nitrate chemical formula
KNO3
46
Uses of KNO3
Diuretic and Meat Preservative
47
Potassium iodide is also used for ______
Solubilizer of ion
48
Sodium nitrate: ______ saltpeter
chile
49
Calcium nitrate: ______ saltpeter
Lime saltpeter
50
Potassium nitrate: ________ saltpeter
Ordinary saltpeter
51
What chemical name is this KMnO4 ?
K permanganate
52
KMnO4 aka ______
Mineral chameleon
53
T/F: KMnO4 doesn’t need an indicator because it is Self-indicating already
→ Redox Titration (Permanganometry) → no indicator
TRUE
53
Uses of K Permanganate (KMnO4):
1. Antiseptic (wound cleanser)
2. Test the degree of unsaturation (to determine kung my double or
triple bond)
3. Titrant (Permanganometry, Redox Titration)
54
aka Rochelle salt and Sal signette
K sodium tartrate
54
K sodium tartrate uses:
1. Cathartic (Saline laxative or Osmotic Laxative)
2. Sequestering agent
55
K bitartrate other names:
Cream of Tartar and Cremo
56
K bitartrate use:
Laxative
57
Only insoluble potassium salt
K bitartrate
58
Discovered: Indicate color in each
➢ 1st Cesium
➢ 2nd Rubidium
➢ 1st Cesium = BLUE (Pia Miss U winner)
➢ 2nd Rubidium = RED (Catriona Miss U winner)
58
1st element discovered under microscope
Cesium
58
Catalyst in Resin polymerization
Cesium
59
Only hypothetical alkali metal (because it has 1+ charge)
Ammonium (NH4+)
60
Ammonium (NH4+) uses:
1. Diuretic
2. Buffer
3. Expectorant (importantly
61
What ammonium does Spirit of Minderesus
is?
Ammonium Acetate
62
Ammonium Acetate use:
Styptic (pabilisin ang wound healing)
63
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Ammonium Carbonate (Popular
name)
Baker’s Ammonia
64
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
-Ammonium carbonate + Strong
Ammonia
Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
64
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
-Sal Volatile (other name)
Baker’s Ammonia
65
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Hartshorn (other name)
Baker’s Ammonia
66
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
-Preston Sal
Baker’s Ammonia
66
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Spirit of Hartshorn
Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
66
Tell if its Baker’s Ammonia or Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
- Spirit of Sal volatile (“Spirit”due to
added strong ammonia
Aromatic spirit of Ammonia:
67
Both Baker’s Ammonia and Aromatic spirit of Ammonia is used as _________ especially for Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia.
Respiratory stimulant
68
Its called Muriate of Hartshorn
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
69
Uses of Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl): (UDE)
➢Urinary acidifier
- Treatment metabolic alkalosis
➢ Diuretic
➢ Expectorant
69
T/F HCl other name is:
→ Muriatic acid (that’s why the other name of Ammonium chloride is
Muriate–it came from HC).
