Na+, K+, Ca2+

Question 1

Hypernatraemia Causes and Consequences

Answer 1

Causes: Renal failure, Na+ excess, osmotic diuresis
Consequences: Dehydration

Question 2

Hyperkalaemia Causes and Consequences

Answer 2

Causes: Renal failure, acidosis, diuretics/ACE inhibitors
Consequences: Risk of myocardial infarction

Question 3

Hypercalcaemia Causes and Consequences

Answer 3

Causes: Hyperparathyroidism, Vit-D toxicity
Consequences: Metastatic calcification, renal stones

Question 4

Hyponatraemia Causes and Consequences

Answer 4

Causes: Excess Iv fluids and oedema, Diuresis
Consequences: Intracellular over-hydration

Question 5

Hypokalaemia Causes and Consequences

Answer 5

Causes: Diarrhoea, vomiting, alkalosis
Consequences: weakness and cardiac dysrhythmia

Question 6

Hypocalcaemia Causes and Consequences

Answer 6

Causes: Vit-D deficiency, intestinal malsbsorption
Consequences: Tetany (spasms)