NA 1 Flashcards
What are nucleic acids made out of
Nucleotides
Which organelles can contain their own genetic material
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is the biochemical role of NA
Store and transfer genetic material
T/F, the nucleus is a double-membrane organelle
True
What does the nucleus facilitate the movement of
RNAs, histones, and ribonucleoprotein particles
What is the general structure of a nucleotide
5-carbon, a nitrogenous base, 1-3 phosphate groups
What kind of bond is between the sugar and nitrogenous base
N-glycosidic bond
What attaches the sugar and phosphate group
Ester linkages
Whats the difference between nucleotide and nucleoside
Nucleosides don’t have phosphate groups
Fill in the blank: ribose sugars have a _______ attached to 2’-carbon
Hydroxy or OH
Fill in the blank: deoxyribose has a _________ attached to the 2’-carbon
Hydrogen or H
How many aromatic rings are there for purines
Two
How many fused aromatic rings are there for pyrimidines
1
Name purines
Adenine and guanine
Name pyrimidines
Cytosine, uracil, thymine
What endings do nucleosides have in nomenclature
-osine or -idine
For nomenclature, what do nucleotides end in
Mono/di/triphosphate
How do nucleotides connect to one another
By covalent phosphodiester bridges
Why are covalent phosphodiester bridges negatively-charged
Because of phosphate groups
In a nucleic acid chain, what is on the 5’ end
Phosphate group
In a nucleic acid chain, what is on the 3’ end
Free hydroxyl group
What is the most common type of dna damage
Single strand break
What type of chromatin do human genomes primarily have
Euchromatin
Which type of chromatin is less compacted and more frequently transcribed
Euchromatin
What chromatin is more compacted and less frequently transcribed
Heterochromatin
