Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

St P - Tutorials > N5 Unit 3 Biology > Flashcards

N5 Unit 3 Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Define an ecosystem.

A

All the living and non-living parts in a particular area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The range of different types of species in an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a community?

A

All the living organisms within a habitat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a population?

A

All the organisms of one type living in one area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define a species.

A

Group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where an organism lives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is interspecific competition?

A

Competition between two different species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is intraspecific competition?

A

Intense competition between the same species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A diagram showing one organism feeding on the previous.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a food web?

A

Several interconnected food chains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers?

A

A diagram showing numbers of organisms at each stage in a food chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a pyramid of energy?

A

A diagram showing energy present at each stage in a food chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a producer?

A

A green plant which makes its own food by photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a consumer?

A

Animal that eats another organism (primary, secondary or tertiary consumer).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An organism that only eats plant material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An organism that only eats animal material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An organism that consumes both plant and animal material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a predator?

A

An organism that hunts and kills its food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are prey?

A

Organisms hunted by predators.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define a niche.

A

The role an organism plays in an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the non-living components of an ecosystem?

A

Abiotic Factors e.g. pH, temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define competition.

A

When organisms require the same limited resource e.g. food, space, mates, water, soil nutrients.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Give examples of abiotic factors.

A

Temperature, pH, soil moisture, humidity etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Name the instrument to measure light intensity.

A

Light Meter
Error – shading the sensor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the instrument to measure pH.
pH Meter Error- not cleaning probe.
26
Name the instrument to measure temperature.
Thermometer Error- different depths in soil.
27
Name the instrument to measure soil moisture.
Moisture Meter Error – not cleaning probe.
28
Why is a quadrat used?
To measure abundance of organisms. Error- not thrown randomly.
29
Why is a pitfall trap used?
To measure number of organisms. Error- trap not level with ground.
30
Why are biological keys used?
To identify organisms. Can be a branching or paired statement key.
31
Give examples of biotic factors.
Food, predation, grazing and competition.
32
What is the light reaction?
Stage 1 of Photosynthesis. Light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP) and splitting of water (Hydrogen and Oxygen).
33
Give examples of indicator species.
Lichen and freshwater invertebrates.
34
What is carbon fixation?
Stage 2 of Photosynthesis. Hydrogen and ATP (from light reaction) combine with Carbon Dioxide to produce glucose.
35
Name the storage carbohydrate in plants.
Starch
36
Name the structural carbohydrate in plants.
Cellulose
37
How is energy lost in a food chain?
Through movement, undigested waste and heat. (90% lost)
38
What do the arrows in a food chain or a food web show?
Shows the direction of energy flow.
39
Define biotic factors.
Living factor that affects population numbers (affects biodiversity).
40
Define abiotic factors.
Non-living factor affecting the growth and distribution of organisms.
41
Ways to Increase Food Yield.
Intensive farming techniques, monocultures and GM crops.
42
What are fertilisers?
Chemicals (nitrates) which increase crop yield.
43
What are pesticides?
Chemicals used to kill organisms competing with crop plants (herbicide, fungicide, insecticide or bactericides).
44
What are nitrates?
Nitrogen rich molecules used to produce amino acids and synthesise proteins. Dissolved in soil water and absorbed into plant roots.
45
What are the problems with fertilisers?
Can leach into freshwater, causing algal blooms, increases bacterial numbers and decreases oxygen levels.
46
What is an alternative to fertilisers?
GM Crops
47
Give an example of a harmful pesticide.
DDT
48
What are the problems with pesticides?
Can bioaccumulate over time e.g. thinning of bird eggshells and found in Penguin tissues.
49
What is a mutation?
A random change to genetic material – source of variation (new alleles).
50
Give examples of mutagenic agents.
Chemicals e.g. mustard gas. Radiation e.g. X-Rays, UV light.
51
What are the possible impacts of mutations?
Advantageous, disadvantageous or neutral (no change) to survival.
52
What are adaptations?
An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survival in its environment.
53
Why is variation important?
Makes it possible for a population to evolve over time in response to changing environmental conditions.
54
What are Darwin's finches?
Different species of Finches with different beak shapes and sizes - adapted to different niches (role).
55
What is natural election of survival of the fittest?
When selection pressures cause the best adapted individuals to survive and reproduce.
56
What is speciation?
When two new species are formed from one original species – requires isolation barriers.
57
Give examples of adaptations.
Cactus – succulent tissue, deep and superficial roots. Polar Bear – well camouflaged, dark skin, blubber and wide feet.
58
Give an example of natural selection.
The peppered moth – light colour and melanic colour.
59
What is resistance to antibiotics?
When a mutant bacteria spontaneously appears, has selective advantage, survives and reproduces.
60
Why is a line transect used?
To investigate the distribution of species across part of habitat.
61
Give examples of human influence on the environment.
Habitat destruction, pollution, over-hunting, overfishing and conservation.
62
What is pollution?
Adding harmful substances to the environment.
63
Define an indicator species.
An organism whose presence or absence tells us about levels of pollution.
64
What is grazing?
When animals feed on parts of plants (high, moderate or low intensity of grazing).
65
What is photosynthesis?
A series of enzyme-controlled reactions.
66
What is a biological control?
Using natural predators to control pests in farming e.g. ladybirds to control greenfly.
67
What are GM crops?
Genetically modified (GM) crops with a useful gene inserted from another organism.
68
Give examples of GM crops.
Maize – resistant to insects. Potatoes – resistant to fungal blight. Golden Rice – rich in Vitamin A.
69
What is a mutant?
An organism that displays the genotypic mutation in its phenotype.
70
What are alternatives to pesticides?
GM Crops and Biological Control

St P - Tutorials (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions