N410 Peds Ch 28 Resp & 11 Misc infants

Question 1

Which of the following situations places infants at risk for developing vitamin D–deficiency rickets?
Exclusively formula fed
Exposure to daily sunlight
Mothers who are lacto-ovovegetarians
Families using yogurt as primary source of milk

Answer 1

Yogurt does not contain adequate amounts of vitamins A and D. Commercial formulas have recommended amounts of vitamin D.
Lack of sunlight is a causative factor.
Lacto-ovovegetarians use dairy products and can obtain sufficient vitamin D.

Question 2

Deficiency of which of the following vitamins correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles and increased complications from diarrhea and infections?
  A
  C
  Niacin 
  Folic acid

Answer 2

Vitamin A deficiency contributes to increased morbidity in measles, diarrhea, and infections.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that supplementation be considered in children with measles and related disorders.

No correlation exists between vitamin C, niacin, and folic acid and increased morbidity and mortality with measles.

Question 3

Nursing care of the infant with atopic dermatitis (eczema) should focus on which of the following?
  Keeping the baby content
  Maintaining adequate nutrition
  Preventing infection of lesions
  Applying antibiotics to lesions

Answer 3

Prevent itching and infeection!

Question 4

The most profound complication of prolonged middle ear disorders is
  loss of hearing
  failure to thrive.
  visual impairment.
  tympanic membrane rupture

Answer 4

Loss of hearing
Principal functional consequences of prolonged middle ear infections.
Diminished hearing has an adverse effect on the development of speech, language, and cognition.

During the active infection, loss of appetite typically occurs, and sucking or chewing tends to aggravate the pain.

Ear infections do not have an effect on vision.
Rupture of the eardrum may occur.

Question 5

When planning care for a 4-month-old child admitted with respiratory distress caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and bronchiolitis, it is essential to include which of the following?
  Give antibiotics.
  Ensure adequate hydration. 
  Administer cough syrup.
  Feed 4 oz of formula every 4 hours.

Answer 5

Ensure adequate hydration
When respiratory distress is present, hydration is an essential consideration.
Usually infants cannot take fluids by the oral route because of the difficulty breathing. Intravenous fluid administration may be necessary.
RSV is a virus, so antibiotics are not beneficial.
Cough syrup is not routinely used in RSV.
Although fluid and calories are important, an infant with respiratory distress is usually unable to drink this amount of fluid.

Question 6

An appropriate nursing intervention when caring for a child with pneumonia is which of the following?
Avoid placing child on the affected side.
Monitor the respiratory status frequently.
Place in a Trendelenburg position.
Administer antitussive agents around the clock.

Answer 6

Monitor the respiratory status frequently
The child’s respiratory rate, status, oxygenation, general disposition, and level of activity are frequently monitored.
Lying on the affected side may promote comfort by splinting the chest and reducing pleural rubbing. The child should be positioned with the unaffected side up to promote maximum expansion.

Children should be placed in a semierect position or position of comfort.

Antitussives are usually not indicated.

Question 7

Which statement accurately expresses the genetic implications of cystic fibrosis (CF)?
It is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.
It is a genetic defect found primarily in nonwhite population groups.
If it is present in a child, both parents are carriers of the defective gene.
There is a 50% chance that siblings of an affected child will also be affected

Answer 7

CF is an autosomal recessive gene inherited from
BOTH parents. ( It’s NOT dominant)

CF is found primarily in white populations.

An autosomal recessive inheritance pattern means that there is a 25% chance a sibling will be infected but a 50% chance a sibling will be a carrier.

Question 8

Skin testing for tuberculosis (TB) is recommended
every year for all children older than 2 years.
every year for all children older than 10 years.
every 2 years for all children starting at age 1 year.
periodically for children who are high-risk populations

Answer 8

Children who are high risk for contracting the disease are monitored periodically. Annual testing is only indicated for children with human immunodeficiency virus infection and incarcerated adolescents. Testing is not necessary unless exposure is likely or an underlying medical risk factor is present.