N365 Poiod Analgesics and Hypnotics Flashcards
What is Schedule II
most addictive drugs that can be used therapeutically.
What class is Morphine?
Narcotic
What is the action of Morphine?
CENTRAL action on perception of pain. Primary site of action is the sensory cortex and alters attitudes by psychological, sedative, and hypnotic effects. Agonist that interacts with Mu and kappa receptor. binds to receptors and stimulates a response.
What are the CNS effects of morphine?
Analgesia, drowsiness, positive or negative changes in mood, mental clouding. Miosis, depresses brain stem and therefore respiratory center, triggers the post-medulla chemoreceptor trigger zone causing N&V
What are morphine’s affects on the cardiovascular system?
can dialate resistance vessels leading to postural hypotension. can provoke the release of histamine, dialate cerebral vessels causing an increase in ICP.
What are morphine’s affects on the GI system
decrease in motility leading to constipation, delay in gastro emptying.
What are morphine’s affects on smooth muscle of the bladder esp?
causes an increase in urinary urgency(Increase in tone) and an increase in urinary retention by increasing the tone of the sphincter.
What are morphine’s affect on the uterus and bronchials
Can prolong labor, decrease libido in males, and in large doses cause broncho constriction.
What are morphine’s affects on the skin?
causes cutaneous blood vessels to dilate leading to a flushed warm face and neck and puritis. .
What are the ADR’s for morphine?
High potential for abuse and tolerance, respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention and urgency , can have allergic reaction, puritis.
What class is merperidine demerol?
schedule II narcotic
Why use merperidine (Demerol)?
Lower GI effects, less urinary retention, good for post anesthesia shivering.
Why can’t demerol be used as often as morphine?
it’s protein bound and can build up in system, it’s only used short term.
What is Percocet?
Oxycodone and acetaminophenm Schedule II
What is Percodan?
Oxycodone and aspirin
What is Vicodin and Norco
hydrocodone and acetaminophen (schedule II or III).
What is Dilaudid?
hydromorphone, potent not powerful.
What is Naloxone (Narcan)
Narcotic antagonist
What is the action of naloxone (Narcan)?
Pure antagonist, block opiod receptors.
What are the ADR’s for Narcan?
Will cause withdrawal symptoms, pain returns immediately.
Special information about Narcan (Naloxone).
Used to revice narcotics effects of anesthesia or overdose. Naltrexone (Revia) is used for alcohol dependence/withdrawal.
What classification is Nalbuphine (Nubain)?
Narcotic agonist antagonist (Stimulates one receptor and blocks another).
What is the action of Nalbuphine (Nubaine)
combines with kappa receptors producing analgesia, and acts as a partial antagonist at Mu receptors. Provides short intermittent pain relief.
What are the ADR’s of Nalbuphine (Nubaine)?
Sedation, sweatiness, clamminess, N&V, dizzyness, vertigo, dry mouth, headache, respiratory depression.
Special information about Nalbuphine (Nubaine).
is reversed by narcan
low abuse potential
What classification is codeine?
Narcotic analgesic, and antitussive (cough suppressant).
What is the action of morphine?
binds to opiod receptors to produce mild to moderate pain relief. 30mg morphine = 325 mg of aspirin or acetaminophen.
What are the ADR’s for codine?
respiratory depression, constipation, urinary retention, miosis.
Special information for codine
higher dosage needed for pain release.
very effective cough suppressant at 10mg
200mg codeine = 30 mg morphine
What is Zolpidem (ambien)
Hypnotic, non BZD
What is the action of Zolpidem (Ambien)?
binds to benzodiazepine receptors in brain.
What are the SDR’s for Zolpidem (Ambien)?
dizziness, headache, nausea, diarrhea, next day drowsiness, sleep driving and sleep behaviors.
What are the new dosages for Zolpidem (Ambien)?
5mg for women, 10mg for men (CUT IN HALF).
What is Ambied CR
extended release ambien
What is Ambien scheduled as?
IV
What is ambien like?
it is an hypnotic that acts like a benzodiazepine.
Special information Ambien
Short term treatment no associated with any withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, or dependence.
