N300 Q#1 Stress

Question 1

___: the non-specific response of the body to any demand on it. Stressors can by physiological or ____. They are also ___ differently based on the person or situation.

Answer 1

Stress
Psychological
perceived

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of the general adaption syndrome?

Answer 2

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

Question 3

With stress resistance, the stressor initiates the ___ phase. during the ___ phase, the body’s ability to resist stress plateaus leading to the ____ phase.

Answer 3

Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion

Question 4

During the alarm stage, the “___ or ____” response is initiated with use of ____ (hormone). The SNS is stimulated and the patient reports ___, rapid HR, nausea and ___.

Answer 4

fight or flight
epinephrine
anxiety
anorexia

Question 5

1. fight or flight is initiated by the ____, which activates the SNS > activates the ____ medulla which releases EPI and ____. The SNS also activates glands and ____ muscles.
2. The hypothalamus also activates the adrenal-cortical system by releasing ___. The Pit gland then secretes ___ which arrives at the adrenal cortex and releases more ____ into the bloodstream.

Answer 5

1. Hypothalamus
   adrenal
   NE
   smooth
2. CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone
   ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
   hormones

Question 6

With the resistance stage, the amount of resistance depends on?

Answer 6

levels of functioning, (health, exercise, family support)

Question 7

The exhaustion stage may result in pt ___ if resources are not available, This stage can be reversed by external sources such as ___ and counseling.

Answer 7

death

meds

Question 8

___ to stress depends on sleep, exercise, environment, diet and support.

Answer 8

Adaptation

Question 9

Response to stress is different for differing people. What are some factors that may affect the impact of stress?

Answer 9

attitude
previous experience
timing
resilience
sleep status
optimism or pessimism
culture
spiritual influences

Question 10

with regard to stress, optimists cope ___ effectively. When they are ill they tend to ____ sooner.
Pessimists are likely to __ the problem, allow stress to ___ with goal achievement, ___ on stress feelings and report ___ health problems.

Answer 10

more
recover
deny
interfere
focus
more

Question 11

With stress, daily hassles have a strong relationship with ____ illness (ex. migraines or IBS)

Answer 11

somatic

Question 12

with stress ___ are positive experiences or temporary joys that occur during everyday life. They modify the ___ of hassles and are believed to be associated with ___ fxning immune and CV systems

Answer 12

uplifts
negative
healthier

Question 13

What 3 systems contribute to the physiological response in stress?

Answer 13

Nervous
Endocrine
Immune

Question 14

Acute and Chronic stress tends to activate the immune system or immunosuppression? what happens to NK cells? lymphocyte proliferation? production of cytokines such as interferon and interleukins? and phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes?

Answer 14

immunosuppression.
NK cells: decrease
lymphocytes: altered
Cytokines: decreased
phagocytosis: decreased

Question 15

Long-term exposure to _____ resulting from excessive activation of the SNS may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.

Answer 15

catecholamines

Question 16

___: person’s cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external or internal stressors that seem to exceed available resources

Answer 16

coping

Question 17

Social support, art therapy, humor, journaling and exercise are all examples of ___ strategies.

Answer 17

coping

Question 18

____ strategies include relaxation breathing, meditation, imagery, muscle relaxation, prayer, and physical exercise

Answer 18

Relaxation

Question 19

Which portion of the nervous system evaluates the stressor based on past experience and plans a course of action?
A.	Cerebral cortex
B.	Limbic system
C.	Hypothalamus
D.	Reticular formation

Answer 19

A. Cerebral Cortex

The cerebral cortex evaluates the emotional or psychologic event (stressor) in light of past experiences and future consequences and then plans a course of action. These functions are involved in the perception of a stressor.

Question 20

Stress is often associated with sleeplessness. What portion of the nervous system is responsible for sleep disturbances?
A.	Cerebral cortex
B.	Limbic system
C.	Hypothalamus
D.	Reticular formation

Answer 20

D. Reticular formation

The reticular formation is located between the lower end of the brainstem and the thalamus. It contains the reticular activating system (RAS), which sends impulses contributing to alertness to the limbic system and to the cerebral cortex. When the RAS is stimulated, it increases its output of impulses, leading to wakefulness. Stress usually increases the degree of wakefulness and can lead to sleep disturbances.

Question 21

What portion of the nervous system is responsible for mediating emotions and behaviors to help the body survive the stress response?
A.	Cerebral cortex
B.	Limbic system
C.	Hypothalamus
D.	Reticular formation

Answer 21

B. Limbic system

The limbic system lies in the inner midportion of the brain near the base of the brain. The limbic system is an important mediator of emotions and behavior. When the limbic system is stimulated, emotions, feelings, and behaviors can occur that ensure survival and self-preservation.

Question 22

The nursing student asks the registered nurse (RN) why patients in stress have tachycardia and elevated blood pressure. The RN responds that the flight-or-fight response is the body's adaptive response to stress and results from increased secretion of catecholamines from the
A.	Hypothalamus
B.	Adrenal cortex
C.	Adrenal medulla
D.	Limbic system

Answer 22

C. Adrenal medulla
The effect of catecholamines and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), including the response of the adrenal medulla, is referred to as the sympathoadrenal response. Epinephrine and norepinephrine prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response.