N300 Q#1 Stress Flashcards
___: the non-specific response of the body to any demand on it. Stressors can by physiological or ____. They are also ___ differently based on the person or situation.
Stress
Psychological
perceived
What are the 3 stages of the general adaption syndrome?
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
With stress resistance, the stressor initiates the ___ phase. during the ___ phase, the body’s ability to resist stress plateaus leading to the ____ phase.
Alarm
Resistance
Exhaustion
During the alarm stage, the “___ or ____” response is initiated with use of ____ (hormone). The SNS is stimulated and the patient reports ___, rapid HR, nausea and ___.
fight or flight
epinephrine
anxiety
anorexia
- fight or flight is initiated by the ____, which activates the SNS > activates the ____ medulla which releases EPI and ____. The SNS also activates glands and ____ muscles.
- The hypothalamus also activates the adrenal-cortical system by releasing ___. The Pit gland then secretes ___ which arrives at the adrenal cortex and releases more ____ into the bloodstream.
- Hypothalamus
adrenal
NE
smooth - CRH: corticotropin releasing hormone
ACTH: adrenocorticotropic hormone
hormones
With the resistance stage, the amount of resistance depends on?
levels of functioning, (health, exercise, family support)
The exhaustion stage may result in pt ___ if resources are not available, This stage can be reversed by external sources such as ___ and counseling.
death
meds
___ to stress depends on sleep, exercise, environment, diet and support.
Adaptation
Response to stress is different for differing people. What are some factors that may affect the impact of stress?
attitude previous experience timing resilience sleep status optimism or pessimism culture spiritual influences
with regard to stress, optimists cope ___ effectively. When they are ill they tend to ____ sooner.
Pessimists are likely to __ the problem, allow stress to ___ with goal achievement, ___ on stress feelings and report ___ health problems.
more recover deny interfere focus more
With stress, daily hassles have a strong relationship with ____ illness (ex. migraines or IBS)
somatic
with stress ___ are positive experiences or temporary joys that occur during everyday life. They modify the ___ of hassles and are believed to be associated with ___ fxning immune and CV systems
uplifts
negative
healthier
What 3 systems contribute to the physiological response in stress?
Nervous
Endocrine
Immune
Acute and Chronic stress tends to activate the immune system or immunosuppression? what happens to NK cells? lymphocyte proliferation? production of cytokines such as interferon and interleukins? and phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes?
immunosuppression. NK cells: decrease lymphocytes: altered Cytokines: decreased phagocytosis: decreased
Long-term exposure to _____ resulting from excessive activation of the SNS may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
catecholamines
___: person’s cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific external or internal stressors that seem to exceed available resources
coping
Social support, art therapy, humor, journaling and exercise are all examples of ___ strategies.
coping
____ strategies include relaxation breathing, meditation, imagery, muscle relaxation, prayer, and physical exercise
Relaxation
Which portion of the nervous system evaluates the stressor based on past experience and plans a course of action? A. Cerebral cortex B. Limbic system C. Hypothalamus D. Reticular formation
A. Cerebral Cortex
The cerebral cortex evaluates the emotional or psychologic event (stressor) in light of past experiences and future consequences and then plans a course of action. These functions are involved in the perception of a stressor.
Stress is often associated with sleeplessness. What portion of the nervous system is responsible for sleep disturbances? A. Cerebral cortex B. Limbic system C. Hypothalamus D. Reticular formation
D. Reticular formation
The reticular formation is located between the lower end of the brainstem and the thalamus. It contains the reticular activating system (RAS), which sends impulses contributing to alertness to the limbic system and to the cerebral cortex. When the RAS is stimulated, it increases its output of impulses, leading to wakefulness. Stress usually increases the degree of wakefulness and can lead to sleep disturbances.
What portion of the nervous system is responsible for mediating emotions and behaviors to help the body survive the stress response? A. Cerebral cortex B. Limbic system C. Hypothalamus D. Reticular formation
B. Limbic system
The limbic system lies in the inner midportion of the brain near the base of the brain. The limbic system is an important mediator of emotions and behavior. When the limbic system is stimulated, emotions, feelings, and behaviors can occur that ensure survival and self-preservation.
The nursing student asks the registered nurse (RN) why patients in stress have tachycardia and elevated blood pressure. The RN responds that the flight-or-fight response is the body's adaptive response to stress and results from increased secretion of catecholamines from the A. Hypothalamus B. Adrenal cortex C. Adrenal medulla D. Limbic system
C. Adrenal medulla
The effect of catecholamines and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), including the response of the adrenal medulla, is referred to as the sympathoadrenal response. Epinephrine and norepinephrine prepare the body for the fight-or-flight response.
