N20 Resource Insecurity - Forced migration

Question 1

Intro (Resource insecurity)

Answer 1

Lack of access to basic needs and natural resources such as food or water

Question 2

Intro (Forced migration)

Answer 2

The involuntary movement of individuals or a group due to various circumstances

Question 3

Body 1

Answer 3

Lack of access to food and water

Ex resulting in famine include: severe food scarcity and drought, leading to lack of water resources.

+Growth of population: Sub-Saharan Africa.

E.g. Niger, LIC, high fertility rate at 7.2.

Economic: low income unable buy contraception
cultural: religious factors that disallow contraception.

Rapid population growth pressures unlimited resources, lead to scarcity and forced migration

Question 4

Body 2

Answer 4

Wars and conflicts. Want to escape the violence.

E.g. Syria, ruling Assad regime repressed, emergence of ISIS

10m displaced, feared government forces used against their own people.

Feared they would be killed, captured, forced to live under harsh economic rule.

4m IDP in Syria, 4.5 in neighbouring countries: Turkey, Iraq, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon

Lebanon: Economic consequences
Strain on healthcare and education, electricity, water and sanitation systems

Question 5

Body 3

Answer 5

Lack of economic opportunities can also cause migration, compel individuals to seek better livelihoods elsewhere.

E.g. South Africa
Collapse of apartheid, many blacks moved from homeland areas to large cities for work as migrant labourers in gold and diamond mines

Poverty forces some in substandard housing

Circular migration: Women migrated to towns and cities to work, leaving children to be cared by grandparents

Tend to take poorly paid and insecure jobs in informal economy

Common due to high cost of living in urban areas and need for grandparents to take care of the children

Driven by the pursuit of better living standards and income generation.