N2- 13 Questions

Question 1

In conformity studies, activity in which area was increased when participants received the feedback that their ratings were different from those of others?
A: Inferior frontal cortex
B: Orbitofrontal cortex
C: Lateral frontal cortex
D: Medial prefrontal cortex

Answer 1

D: Medial prefrontal cortex

Question 2

The ultimatum game is often used to assess which one of the following social phenomena:
A: Social norm compliance
B: Informational conformity
C: Normative conformity
D: Theory of mind

Answer 2

A: Social norm compliance

Question 3

Damage to which area has been most strongly associated with alterations in social behavior and judgments?
A: Inferior frontal cortex
B: Orbitofrontal cortex
C: Anterior cingulate cortex
D: Medial prefrontal cortex

Answer 3

B: Orbitofrontal cortex

Question 4

Neuroimaging studies in humans have found that imitation of simple finger movements resulted in increased activity in which region where mirror neurons are found in monkeys?
A: Medial prefrontal cortex
B: Anterior cingulate cortex
C: Inferior frontal cortex
D: Orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 4

C: Inferior frontal cortex

Question 5

Which regions are activated by the false belief task?
A: Temporoparietal junction and medial prefrontal cortex
B: Inferior frontal cortex
C: Orbitofrontal cortex
D: Anterior cingulate cortex

Answer 5

A: Temporoparietal junction and medial prefrontal cortex

Question 6

The ability to successfully complete the false belief task requires which of the following:
A: Susceptibility to social influence
B: Motor mimicry
C: Understanding how someone else might feel in a given moment
D: Understanding that people have knowledge that is different from your own

Answer 6

D: Understanding that people have knowledge that is different from your own

Question 7

Which area is activated in the social animation test, mind-in-the-eyes task and false belief task?
A: Medial prefrontal cortex
B: Lateral inferior frontal cortex
C: Temporoparietal junction
D: Orbitofrontal cortex

Answer 7

C: Temporoparietal junction

Question 8

Which of the following is not true about the temporoparietal junction
A: It’s predominantly activated while viewing the Heider-Simmel illusion
B: It is a heterogeneous structure
C: It and the inferior frontal cortex are activated during the Mind-in-the-Eyes task
D: It’s activated during empathic accuracy tasks

Answer 8

D: It’s activated during empathic accuracy tasks

Question 9

The social brain hypothesis of primate evolution posits that:
A. Evolution in language areas of the brain allowed for sophisticated social cognition
B. Larger group size in primates is correlated with smaller frontal lobes
C. The need to engage in complex social cognition stimulated an evolutionary expansion of the brain
D. Brain areas involved in social cognition are uniquely evident in primate brains

Answer 9

C: The need to engage in complex social cognition stimulated an evolutionary expansion of the brain

Question 10

10. Understanding that another person can hold different knowledge than one’s self requires:
    A. Cognitive perspective-taking
    B. Emotional contagion
    C. Mimicry
    D. Pro-social action

Answer 10

A: Cognitive perspective-taking

Question 11

11. Research into the neural differences between self vs. other considerations is difficult due to many potential biases. Which of the following is a not a bias in self vs. other thinking:
    A: People tend to think more positively of themselves than others
    B: People explain their own behavior based on personal attributes and others’ behavior based on social context
    C: People are more familiar with themselves than others
    D: When we think about ourselves we use more recent memories, whereas in thinking of others we use more distant memories

Answer 11

B: People explain their own behavior based on personal attributes and others’ behavior based on social context

Question 12

12. Two key symptoms required for the diagnosis of autism are:
    A. impairment in facial recognition and motor control
    B. impairment in social interaction and restrictive or repetitive actions
    C. Impairment in social interaction and language delay
    D. Impairment in facial recognition and repetitive actions

Answer 12

B: Impairment in social interaction and restrictive or repetitive actions

Question 13

13. Which of the following has been found in research with people diagnosed with autism:
    A: They are unable to mimic goal-directed hand motions
    B: Their face processing deficits are related to an overactive fusiform face area
    C: They perform well on cognitive tasks that do not require social interaction
    D: They struggle more with emotional empathy than with cognitive empathy

Answer 13

C: They perform well on cognitive tasks that do not require social interaction

Question 14

14. Research into the neural correlates of social pain and physical pain have revealed which of the following:
    A: Social rejection cannot be dissociated from expectancy violations
    B: Social and physical pain share the same overall locus of activation but are different in their patterns
    C: The anterior cingulate cortex only activates during social pain
    D: The brain does not distinguish between different kinds of pain

Answer 14

B: Social and physical pain share the same overall locus of activation but are different in their patterns

Question 15

15. At what point did ERP studies indicate that social categories such as race and gender are distinguished?
    A: 400 ms
    B: 350 ms
    C: 300 ms
    D: 200 ms

Answer 15

D: 200 ms

Question 16

16. Which of the following has been revealed about the neural patterns of in-group and out-group effects:
    A: They only appear in people scoring low in mentalizing
    B: They are controlled by top-down, deliberative processing areas
    C: They occur very early on in perceptual processing
    D: Neural activation only responds to in-group membership based on overt identity attributes like race and sex

Answer 16

C: They occur very early in perceptual processing

Question 17

17. Which of the following is true based on research into social categories:
    A: People process social categories only if it matters in completing the task
    B: People from your out-group are rated as having low thresholds for pain
    C: The degree of insula activation in response to someone else’s pain from your in-group predicts helping behaviors
    D: Social category membership takes time and repeated interactions with others from the same category to establish

Answer 17

C: The degree of insula activation in response to someone else’s pain from your in-group predicts helping behaviors

Question 18

18. Which area of the brain has research suggested is associated with unconscious racial bias?
    A: Primary motor cortex
    B: Amygdala
    C: Hypothalamus
    D: Cerebellum

Answer 18

B: Amygdala

Question 19

19. One of the important findings in research on racial bias is:
    A: Because the majority of racial bias is explicit it is easier to recognize and self correct
    B: Racial bias is a slow and conditioned process
    C: People with greater executive control show less implicit racial bias
    D: People with amygdala damage do not show racial biases

Answer 19

C: People with greater executive control show less implicit racial bias

Question 20

20. Which of the following is true of the neural patterns related to racial bias:
    A: Left frontal asymmetry was associated with feedback about racially prejudiced responses
    B: The error-related negativity is smaller when people make racially biased responses
    C: People with making racially biased responses showed decreased activity in the anterior cingulate cortex only if they reported high levels of guilt
    D: Racial bias is associated with decreased amplitude of N170 responses

Answer 20

A: Left frontal asymmetry was associated with feedback about racially prejudiced responses

Question 21

21. Stereotype threat refers to:
    A. The fear that one will display racial bias towards others
    B. The tendency to show enhanced fear conditioning towards other-race faces
    C. The activation of the amygdala by outgroup faces
    D. The phenomenon in which activation of a stereotype about one’s own group impairs performance

Answer 21

D: The phenomenon in which activation of a stereotype about one’s own group impairs performance