N1B - Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mass (amu), charge and position of a proton?

A

1
+
Nucleus

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2
Q

What is the mass (amu), charge and position of a neutron?

A

1
0
nucleus

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3
Q

What is the mass (amu), charge and position of an electron?

A

energy levels

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4
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

number of protons

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5
Q

what affect does the number of protons have?

A

the number of protons affects the nuclear charge of an atom

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6
Q

What does the number of protons equal?

A

number of electrons

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7
Q

What does the mass number equal

A

number of protons + neutrons

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8
Q

how can one work out the number of neutrons?

A

mass number - atomic number

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9
Q

Write out the nuclide notion for sodium if the mass number is 23 and the atomic number is 11

A

23
Na
11

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10
Q

How are elements arrange din the periodic table?

A

in order of increasing atomic number

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11
Q

Describe the first energy level and the other energy levels

EG. position of energy level and how many electrons they can hold

A

First energy level

  • nearest to the nucleus
  • hold a maximum of two electrons

Other energy level
-can hold a maximum of up to 8 electrons

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12
Q

What are isotopes?

A

atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number

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13
Q

What is RAM? (relative atomic mass)

A

average mass of all the isotopes of a single element

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14
Q

Formula for RAM?

A

(mass number x abundance of isotope 1) + (mass number and abundance of isotope 2) / 100

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15
Q

Why are atoms neutral?

A

they have an equal number of positive protons and negative electrons

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16
Q

When is an ion formed

A

when there is an imbalance of electrons to protons

17
Q

What is an ion and how are they formed?

A

ions are charged particles and they are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons

18
Q

What happens to metal atoms to form ions?

A

they lose electrons to form positive ions

19
Q

What happens to non metal atoms to form ions?

A

they gain electrons to form negative ions

20
Q

What happens when atoms of other elements combine?

A

their electron arrangements become more like those of the noble gases - they achieve a full outer energy level

21
Q

A sample of silver is found to contain atoms of silver with different masses: 107Ag and 109Ag. The RAM of silver is 108. What does this suggest about the relative abundance of these different atoms?

A

Equal quantities of each isotope

22
Q

A sample of chlorine is found to contain atoms of silver with different masses: 35Cl and 37 Cl. The RAM of chlorine is 35.5. What does this suggest about the relative abundance of the isotopes?

A

The isotope with a mass of 35 is the more abundant

23
Q

What happens as you go down the group in alkaline metals

A

as you go down the group the reactivity increases

24
Q

What happens as you go down the group in halogens

A

the reactivity decreases

25
Q

Describe why elements in the same group share the same valency and have similar properties

A

because they have the same number of electrons in their outer energy levels.

26
Q

Describe alkaline metals

A

alkaline metals are metals and reactive

27
Q

Describe halogens

A

halogens are non metals and reactive

28
Q

Describe noble gases

A

noble gases are non metal and unreactive