N110 Week 3 Flashcards
compassion fatigue
feeling stretched, overwhelmed, frustrated, unappreciated, and resentful
What are 6 guidelines to develop and maintain work-life balance?
- Take personal responsibility for your health
- Identify and decrease stressors in your personal and professional life
- Set realistic goals and expectations for yourself
- Give yourself permission to relax
- Be a person of encouragement to yourself
- Challenge yourself intellectually. Try to learn something new everyday
Critical Thinking
a process by which the thinker improves the quality of his or her thinking by skillfully taking charge of the structures inherent in thinking and imposing intellectual standards upon them
Name 5 characteristics of Critical Thinking
- Raises questions and problem and formulates them clearly and precisely
- Gather and assesses relevant information
- Arrives at conclusion and solutions that are well-reasoned and tests them against relevant standards
- Is open-minded and recognizes alternative ways of seeing things
- Communicates effectively with others as solution to complex problems are formulated
Reflective Thinking
paying attention to own thinking processes after the nurse-patient interaction has ended
Ethics
viewed as systems of valued behavior & beliefs, serve purpose of governing conduct
nurses are guided by the ethical principles of ____, _____ and _____ to guide their actions
autonomy, beneficence, and justice
What is Nursing’s Professional Responsibilities?
Accountability Trust Advocacy Social Policy Statement (ANA) Code of Ethics (ANA )
What are the 9 provisions of nursing code of ethics?
- practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual
- primary commitment is to the patient
- promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety, and rights of the patient
- responsible and accountable for individual nursing practice
- same duties to self as to others
- participates in establishing, maintaining, and improving health care environments
- advancement of the profession
- collaborates with other health professionals
- maintaining the integrity of the profession
What is Nursing’s Social Policy Statement?
nursing’s responsibilities and the social contract between society and the profession
Values
Attitudes, ideals, or beliefs that an individual holds true and gives meaning to one’s life (are highly subjective)
Discomfort
when choices & decisions conflict with a person’s values
Values clarification
method for discovering one’s values and the importance of these values.
- Identify individual values of patients or others - ask
- use reflection to restate the value (either verbalized or assessed) and make it explicit
- identify value conflicts or conflicts between values and actions
Steps in value clarification communication;
- Established rules of conduct to be used in situations where decision about right and wrong must be made
- Often learned and internalized
- Typically in accordance with group’s norms, customs, traditions
- Guide actions of individuals or social group
Morals
Moral reasoning
a process in which maturation occurs over time as persons become more abstract in thinking and understanding of the world
_________ is how a person learns to handle moral dilemmas from childhood to adulthood
Moral development
What are the 6 ethical principles?
Autonomy Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice Fidelity Veracity
- Individual can choose those actions and goals that fulfill their life plans
- “Do good”
- “Do no Harm”
- The duty to treat all fairly, distributing risks and benefits equally. Fairness based on perspective of least advantaged.
- faithfulness. Honoring one’s promises
- telling the truth. Not lying.
- Autonomy
- Beneficence
- Nonmaleficence
- Justice
- Fidelity
- Veracity
_____ is when someone believes that they know what is best for another person who is competent to make their own autonomous decisions.
Paternalism
What are the 6 steps in the Ethical Decision Making Model?
- Clarify the ethical dilemma
- Gather additional information
- Identify options
- Make a Decision
- Act
- Evaluate
5 steps of nursing process (similar to 6 steps of ethical decision making model)
Assess Analyze/ Diagnosis Plan Implement Evaluate
National Organizations such as:
-American Nurses Association (ANA)
-National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)
create standards of care that???
outline how a prudent practitioner would practice
- Legislative body in each state _____ and assigns authority to implement law to regulatory agencies and boards
- Laws in form of professional practice acts
- State Practice Act sets licensing standards for profession
- Purpose of licensing is to protect the _____ , safety and welfare
- sets practice law
4. public health
_______ defines the nurse’s scope of practice based on the formal education and level of nurse licensure
______ defines nurse’s role
Hospital rules and job description
The Nurse Practice Act
Scope of Practice
What are the 4 main objectives of the Statutory Authority of State Nurse Practice Acts?
- define practice of professional nursing in that State
- sets minimum educational qualifications and other requirements for licensure
- determines legal titles and abbreviations nurses may use
- provides for disciplinary action of licensees for certain causes
Who enforces the rules (state practice acts)?
State Board of Nursing
Legal System
Hospital Managers
________ includes peer assistance to combat substance abuse as voluntary alternative to suspension or revocation of a license
Also have alternative programs for nurses with mental health problems
Nursing Disciplinary Diversion Act (ANA, 1990)
Malpractice
is violation of nurses professional duty to act with reasonable care and in good faith
________ does not have to be intentional. Standard of care must be violated.
Malpractice
_______ is doing something that should not
have been done. ________ is failing to do things that should have been done
commission
omission
________ is a civil wrong causing injury or harm:a civil wrong (tort) causing injury or harm to another person or to property as the result of doing something or failing to provide a proper or reasonable level of care
Negligence
________ is the failure to act as a reasonably prudent person would have acted in same circumstance
Negligence
Standard of care reflects a basic minimum level of prudent care based on the ethical principle of _______.
nonmaleficence (do no harm)
What are the wo requirements of a malpractice action?
- The defendant (nurse) has specialized knowledge and skills
- The defendant (nurse) causes the plaintiff’s (patient) injury
What four elements of a cause of action for negligence must be proved?
- The professional (nurse) has assumed the duty of care (responsibility of care for patient)
- The professional (nurse) breached the duty of care by failing to meet the standard of care
- The failure of the professional (nurse) to meet the standard of care was the cause of injury
- The injury is proved
Describe common malpractice situations.
Failure to follow standards of care
Failure to use equipment in responsible manner i.e. client falls, improper performance of treatment
Failure to communicate
Failure to document i.e. medication error
Failure to assess and monitor
Failure to act as a patient advocate
For a nurse to be found negligent, _____, ______, _____ and _____ must be proved.
duty, breach, causation, and damages
A client/provider relationship built on a collaborative path towards health is one way to ______ exposure to malpractice
decrease
The _________ Encourages patients to consider which life-prolonging treatment options they desire and document their preferences in case they become incapable of participating in the decision making process
Patient Self Determination Act
advance directive
Written instructions recognized by state law that describe preferences in regard to medical intervention
What is the basic assumption of the Patient Self Determination Act?
-each person has legal and moral rights to informed consent about medical treatments with a focus on the person’s rights to choose (the ethical principle autonomy).
What does the PSDA require of acute and long term care facilities that receive Medicare funding?
to document whether a person has completed an advance directive
Under the Patient Self-Determination Act a Facility must (4)....
- provide written information to all adult patients about their rights under state law
- ensure institutional compliance with state laws on advance directives
- provide education for staff and the community on advance directives
- document in the medical record whether the patient has an advance directive
How can nurses help patients and families understand the PSDA?
explain how it can assist them to have end-of-life-care they prefer
How are legal problems prevented in nursing practice?
- Practice in a safe setting
- Communicate with other health professionals, patients, and families
- Meet the standard of care
- Carry and understand professional liability insurance
- Promote positive interpersonal relationships
