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PHARM 558- OTC > N/V > Flashcards

N/V Flashcards

1
Q

motion sickness prevention

A
  • easier to prevent than treat
  • drive vehicle straight if possible
  • focus vision straight ahead
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2
Q

motion sickness, minimizing motion

A

sit near:

  • front of car
  • near wings of plane
  • mid-ship, pref on deck
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3
Q

motion sickness, avoid:

A

strong odors, excess food/alcohol before travel/reading during travel

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4
Q

motion sickness treatment

A

antihistamine anti-emetics

acupuncture P6 point (okay for >2 yo)

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5
Q

antihistamine anti-emetics list

A
  • meclizine (FDA approved)
  • doxylamine
  • dimenhydrinate
  • diphenhydramine
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6
Q

antihistamine anti-emetics instructions

A
  • take 30-60 min prior

- sedating, avoid driving/operating machinery

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7
Q

N/V pregnancy treatment, waking up

A
  • fresh air
  • dry crackers/toast 15 min before getting up
  • rise slowly
  • 4-5 small meals a day
  • lay down if symptoms occur
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8
Q

N/V pregnancy treatment, diet

A
  • little data on diet change

- BRAT diet

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9
Q

teeth treatment

A

vomit-> erosion of tooth enamel

  • rinse w/tsp baking soda in cup of water
  • some women cannot handle taste; good to suggest but mention caveat
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10
Q

pregnancy vitamins

A

PNV’s may cause gagging

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11
Q

N/V pregnancy treatment, pharm

A
  • ginger root 250 mg po QID, NTE 1 gm/day
  • pyridoxine 10-25 mg po TID
  • doxylamine 12.5 mg po TID
  • combo pyridoxine/doxylamine?
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12
Q

food poisoning/viral gastroenteritis treatment

A
  • bland diet
  • NPO if excessive diarrhea/vomiting
  • phosphorated carbohydrate solution
  • anti-emetics if requested (usually unnecessary)
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13
Q

food poisoning/viral gastroenteritis treatment, resetting diet

A
  • after treatment, reassess in 24 hours
  • stop all feeding for 1 hour
  • restart feeding as tolerated
  • restart clear fluids if vomiting occurs
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14
Q

don’t recommend phosphorated carbohydrate solution to

A

diabetics

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15
Q

N/V and breastfeeding

A

continue breastfeeding through symptoms

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16
Q

N/V associated with food/beverages treatment

A
  • avoid triggers (coffee, EtOH)
  • avoid smoking
  • reduce stress
  • weight loss if overweight
  • H2 blockers for indigestion
  • Peptobismol approved for nausea (some benefit)
  • phosphorated carbohydrate solution has insufficient data
17
Q

anti-emetics not for <6 yo

A

cyclizine

18
Q

anti-emetics not for <12 yo

A

meclizine

19
Q

monitoring

A

follow-up after 24 hours

  • N/V diminished?
  • residual symptoms?
  • signs of dehydration?
  • vitals?
  • determine referral if needed
20
Q

antihistamine side effects

A

anti-cholinergic effects (suppress parasympath/rest&digest processes)

  • dry mouth/eyes
  • confusion
  • constipation
  • urinary retention
  • dizziness
  • drowsiness
  • rapid heart rate (caution in people with CHF, arrhythmia, angina)
21
Q

antihistamine side effects, avoid concurrent use of:

A

other CNS depressants (EtOH, opioids, benzodiazepines)

22
Q

approved as sleep aid

A

doxylamine

23
Q

ginger side effects

A

heartburn, diarrhea, mouth irritation, anticoag effect, hypotensive effect

24
Q

pyridoxine side effects

A

generally well tolerated, large doses may result in weakness/lethargy

25
Q

avoid when breastfeeding

A

Peptobismol, bismuth subsalicylate, type of salicylate, incr risk of Rye’s if they have a viral illness

26
Q

diphenhydramine drug interxns

A

mild-mod CYP2D6 inhibitor

27
Q

avoid antihistamines in:

A

geriatrics

sedation can cause fall risk, urinary retention, cognitive impact

28
Q

acupressure bands should not be used in:

A

patients with pacemakers

29
Q

anti-emetics for children

A

Diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate FDA approved in children 2-6 years, but multiple deaths from improper dosing->cardiac arrhythmias, respiratory depression

30
Q

signs of dehydration (besides the obvious)

A
  • unusual lethargy
  • irritability
  • body floppy
  • no tears when crying
  • hypotension
  • fainting
  • severe- difficulty waking up child
31
Q

dehydration treatment

A

oral rehydration solution

32
Q

oral rehydration solution recipe

A
  • 1/2 tsp salt
  • 6 tbsp sugar
  • 1 L water
  • refridgerate
33
Q

dehydration treatment, children should avoid

A
  • sugary drinks like soda, juices, ginger ale, gatorade

- draws additional water into GI tract, makes dehydration worse

34
Q

phosphorated carbohydrate solutions not that effective for

A

N/V associates with food/beverages

PHARM 558- OTC (21 decks)

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