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bio tox > N and P > Flashcards

N and P Flashcards

1
Q

what is Eutrophication

A

Excessive plant and algal growth resluting from availability of one or more photosynthesis limiting factors

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2
Q

what is the single largest pollution problem we have

A

Eutrophication

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3
Q

what are some sources of Nutrient pollution (excessive N and P)

A

Agriculture- such as manure excess fertilizer and soil erosion

Stormwater- this moves N and P from land sources into the aquatic environment

Wastewater- Sewage treatment plants which are ment to remove excess N and P but often fail

Fossili Fuels- power generation from industrial activity

Home- pet waste, detergents and fertilizsers

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4
Q

what are the major effects of Nitrogen pollution

A

Air Quality- Nitrogen oxides in the air lead to formation of ground level ozone, this can in turn have issues on human health and increase acid raid(damage plants)

Water Quality- N and P in excess in the water will lead to eutrophication which has negative effects

Acid Rain - this is a reslut of excess nitrogen oxides in the water and air, also from fossiel fuel combustion

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5
Q

what are the effects of Eutrophication

A

Algae that grow may be producing toxins which can also impact the food chain, the large mat which is porduced can then also effect the light penitration in the water which will effect the photosythetic effects of plants on the bottom of the water level.

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6
Q

where does Ammonia occur from

A

results as a bi-product of metabolism, this product may be toxic depending on the form, NH3 is extreamly toxic whereas NH4 is less toxic as it is not uptaken by aquatic aninamls

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7
Q

Which form of ammonia is formed at high pH

A

NH3 is formed at higher pH values which is the more toxic from of the compound

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8
Q

Name the main Air contaminates

A

SOx- sullphur oxides
NOx- nitrogen oxides
PM-Particulate matter
VOC-colatile Organic compounds
CO- carbon monoxide
NH3-Ammonia

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9
Q

what is APEI

A

Air polluteant emissions at the national and provincial level

estmaties CO SOx and NOX emissions

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10
Q

SOx what does it effect

A

Linked to acid rain

Smog formation

Secondary formation of particulate matter

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11
Q

SOx where does it come from and how are we reducing it

A

89% reduction from the non-ferrous smelting and refining industry, this is due to goverments needs to fight against acid rain though putting tighter regulations on emmisions

smelter upgreades
reduced emission from coal power generation
oil and gas are a huge contributer

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12
Q

how is acid rain formed

A

SOx emmsiosn which transform to H2SO4 thus resluting in acid rain

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13
Q

what are some negative conisques of SOx emmisions

A

formation of secondary particulate matter

Adverse health effects- airway inflammation , asthma , increased repiratory hospilations

Direst expsore can impare photosysntehs

Expsoure ot aicd can cause physical damage

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14
Q

what are nitrogen oxides

A

Reslute from combustion of N contained in fuels
NOx dissolvves in water vapour to form acids in the air
formation of secondary PM

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15
Q

what are the main sources of NOx

A

Road cechicles and other transpotation

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16
Q

what are some of the effects of NOx emmisions

A

Acid rain in the form in HNO3

Formation of ozone and PM

Human health effects

Direct expsore can cause lesions and dead tissues and long with decreased growth of plants

Exposure to the acid dicretly calls for mechnainacal damage to organic matter

17
Q

What are VOCs

A

Volatile organic compounds, these are relase from commercial prodcuts such as gas fumes and aolvents,

CEPA adresses some of thes e

VOCs interact with NOx forming ozone which plays a majour role in smoge and are precusuor to formation fo PM

18
Q

what are some specifc sources of VOCs

A

Aerosol
Printing
Architectural coating
adhesives and ashesive removers

Biggest cause of VOCs are solvents

19
Q

what is CO

A

Carbon Monoxide
colorless odoerless tasteless poisnous gas formed by the incomplete comdustion of hydrocarbon based fules such as from wood burning or from car exhaust

20
Q

what are some effect of CO release

A

Impacts on health such as impacts on Carboxyhemoglobin
inhibits the bloods hemoglobin thus reducig O2 capacity

21
Q

What is NH3

A

colourless gas w strong smell which is noticable at any conc above 50ppm

majour contrbutor to these are livestock waste and fertilizer production

Poisionous if inhaled

formation of PM also damges aquatic ecosystems

22
Q

what is PM

A

Particulate matter, airborn particles in soild or liquird form which are either classified as primary or secondary depneding on the method of formation

23
Q

what is the diffrence between primary and secondary PM

A

primary is the paritcle emitted at the source

secondary is formation form reactions with other compounds in the air

24
Q

what are some issues with PM

A

health impacts- size matter

TPM - 100 microns

PM10- less then 10

PM2.5 less then 2.5

25
Q

what is black carbon

A

A part of PM2.5 which is linkd to global warming and adverse health effects which comes from the incomplete burning of wood and fossile fuels (exausht)

26
Q

what are scondary CACs

A

form when 2 primary CACs interact- similar to the primary and secondary PM

27
Q

Ground level 03

A

This is a colourless highly irritating gas which resluts from the reactions of 2 primary pm which makes it s a secondary CAC

28
Q

the Air Qualiily health index

A

1-10+ the higher the number the worse it is
the 3 polluants which are represented are
ground level ozone, PM2.5 and NOx

29
Q

what is TRAP

A

Traffic related Air pollution

30
Q

what are the some contrbuting factors to TRAP

A

Exhaust
dust and tire wear
complex mis of gases and particles
break pad wear

31
Q

what are some health effects of TRAP

A

Dementia
Cariorespirartoy
Premature deaths

32
Q

what are NEEs

A

Non exhaust emissions form road transport such as break wear and tire wear along with dust

33
Q

what is 6-ppD

A

Antioxidant used as a stabilizing agent in tires which is water soluble and washes off road surfaces getting into aquatic ecosystems, this is bad as it is extreamly toxic to salmon

34
Q

what is PAFS

A

a group of chemicals used to make fluoropolymer coatings and products that resist heat, oil, stains, grease, and water. these are very harmful and Bioaccumation body conc 700x higer then that seen in the envoirnment

35
Q

what is PFOS

A

is water repellant xenobiotic, used for in water oil and grease repellents

Resistant hydrolysis, microbial degradation ad metabolism through vertebrates,

36
Q
A

bio tox (6 decks)

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