Myriapoda/Hexapods Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of Myriapodas Chilopoda class
Predatory - Dorso ventrally flattened - Cryptozoic - Repugnatorial glands - Toothed mandibles/poison claws on 1st segments - remaining segments (min 15) have one pair of legs increasing in size - Indirect reproduction via Spermatophore - Respiration via Tracheae
What are the general characteristics of Myriapodas Diplopoda class
Cylindrical - Cryptozoic - 4 legs per segment - Slow moving but strong push force - Repugnatorial glands - Respire via Spiracles + Tracheae - Indirect fertilization via Spermatophore - Direct via Gonopods
Why are Onychophora a taxonomical puzzle
They hold features from 2 different groups, such as Annelidan and Arthropodan
What are the main characteristics of Hexapods
Six legs - Direct development - Unique tracheal system - Malpighain tubules - “Whole limb” Mandibles - Loss of second antennae
Define Malpighian tubules
Branching excretory/osmo regulatory system
What are the defining features of Hexapodas Entognatha class
Entognathous mouth parts (Internal mouth parts)
What are the defining features of Hexapodas Insecta class
No Ocelli (Simple eye) - Reduced compound eyes - Ectognathous mouth parts - 2-3 Caudal Filaments (Abdominal Reproductive structure)
What are the defining features of Hexapodas Insectas sub class Paleoptera
Ectognathous mouth parts - Pterygota - Hemimetabolous development
Define Pterygota
Wings
Define Hemimetabolous development
Incomplete metamorphosis
What are Paleopteras sub classes
Odonata and Ephemeroptera
What are the defining features of Hexapodas Paleopteras sub class Odonata
Massive mandibles - Prehensile labium (Grasping mouth part) in Larval stage
What are the defining features of Hexapodas Paleopteras sub calss Ephemeroptera
Vestigial mouth parts (Function less) in adults
What are the defining features of Hexapodas Insectas sub class Neoptera
Ectognathous mouth parts - Pterygota fold back over body
What are the defining features of sub class Neopteras familys (Grasshopper/Beatle/Butterfly)
Othopterodae = Biting/Chewing mouth parts Hemipterodae = Piercing/Sucking mouth parts < 4 Malpighian tubules - Reduced wing venation Holometabola = Holometabolous development (Complete metamorphosis)
What are the main features on an insects head
Six fused segments - Compound eyes - 3 Ocelli - 2 Antennae - 3 pairs of mouth parts
What are the general mouth parts of insects
Mandible - Maxilla - Labrum (Front lip) - Labium (Hind lip - 2 fused appendages)
Define Diptera
Having 2 wings
Define Coleoptera
Having sheathed wings
Define Apterours
Without wings
Describe an insect thorax
3 segments each with a pair of legs - 2nd/3rd segments typlically have Pterygota
What are pterygota made of
Cuticle with a network or veins
Describe an insect abdomen
Primitively 11 segments and appendages - i.e Ovipostior (male claspers confined to end segments)
What are the general characteristics of Chelicerates
2 body sections - No antennae - chelicerae pre oral - Post oral pedipalps + 4 pairs of legs - Book lungs + Bronchiae + Tracheae (Spiracles rare) - Secondarily uniramous appendages - Direct development
What are the 3 chelicerates classes
Merostomata (Horse shoe crab) - Pycnogonida (Sea spider) - Arachnid
What are the main characteristics of Merostomatas
Marine - appendages on Prosoma in order -> Chelicerae -> 5 pairs of walking appendages 1st pair = pedipalps, 1st 4 pairs have Gnathobases -> 5th clean gills. 6 appendages on abdomen, 1st = reproduction, nest 5 book gills
Define a Prosoma
Having the head and thorax fused
Define a Gnathobase
Site for carrying and masticating food
What are the main characteristics of Pyrnogonida
Marine - Meglitsh - Very long legs - Small - Reduced abdomen - Complete digestive system - No specialised respiratory/excretory system - Sucking mouth end of Proboscis - direct development (early hatch = larvae)
Define Meglitsh
Queer creatures with queer habits