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Exotics (SA) > Myomorph rodents > Flashcards

Myomorph rodents Flashcards

1
Q

What rodents are classed as myomorphs?

A

Hamsters
Gerbils
Rats
Mice

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2
Q

Do myomorph teeth grow constantly?

A

Incisors grow constantly

Cheek teeth do not

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3
Q

Why are gastrointestinal diseases relatively rare in rats and mice?

A

Simple gut physiology

Less prone to problems

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4
Q

Why are hamsters more prone to GI diseases than other myomorph species?

A

More complex GI system

Store food that can become spoiled

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5
Q

Stress and overcrowding can contribute to GI disease. What are the symptoms of GI disease in myomorph rodents?

A 
Increased frequency of defaecation
Liquid faeces/diarrhoea
Lethargy 
Wet tail (perineal soiling)
Anorexia/weight loss
Hunched posture
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6
Q

Antibiotic associated enteritis is a condition in myomorph rodents due to use of inappropriate antibiotics. What are these inappropriate antibiotics? What bacteria causes this condition?

A 
Clostridium difficile
Due to PLACE antibiotics
Penicillin
Linomycin
Ampicillin
Erythromycin
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7
Q

What bacteria is responsible for wet tail in hamsters?

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

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8
Q

What age of hamsters are most prone to wet tail?

A

Less than 5 weeks

Appear to develop immunity over 12 wks

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9
Q

What problems are associated with the cheek pouch in hamsters?

A

Impaction
Evertion
Trauma
Neoplasia

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10
Q

What bacteria is the most common cause of respiratory disease in rats?

A

Mycoplasma pulmonis

Similar signs to COPD

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11
Q

How are chronic respiratory diseases treated in myomorph rodents?

A

Oxygen therapy
Doxycycline, enrofloxacin, tylosin, azithromycin
Corticosteroid - if chronic inflm
Nebulisation with hypertonic saline/other agents

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12
Q

What species of fungi cause ringworm in myomorphs?

A

Trichophyton spp

Microsporum spp

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13
Q

Are neoplasias usually malignant or benign in rats and mice?

A

Benign in rats

Malignant in mice

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14
Q

What causes ring tail in rats, mice and gerbils?

A

Low humidity

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15
Q

What causes tail slip in gerbils/rats?

A

Improper handling

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16
Q

What is barbering?

A

Plucking hair from self or other animal

removing individual only helps for a while

17
Q

Nasal dermatitis is usually seen in what myormorph rodent species?

A

Gerbils

Hamsters

18
Q

What diseases are associated with the scent glands in myomorph rodents?

A

Hyperplasia
Infection
Neoplasia

19
Q

How is hamster polyomavirus transmitted? What does it cause?

A

Urine
Young animals - mesenteric lymphoma
Older animals - epethlioma

20
Q

What skin changes are seen in myomorph rodents with hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Thin skin
Hyperpigmentation
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia

21
Q

Pyometra is often seen in which myomorph species?

A

Hamsters

22
Q

Hydrometra and mucometra is often seen in which myomorph species?

A

Mice

23
Q

Are c-sections possible in myomorph rodents?

A

Yes - but interference may lead to cannibalism

24
Q

Cystic ovaries are very common in what age of female myomorphs?

A

Over 2 years

25
Q

What are the clinical signs of cystic ovaries in myomorphs?

A

Abdo distension
Bilateral symmetrical alopecia
Weight loss and anorexia
Infertility

26
Q

How are cystic ovaries diagnosed and treated in myomorph rodents?

A

Dx - palpation (cannot rule out neoplasia)

Tx - ovariohysterectoy or HCG

27
Q

What are the possible causes of haematuria in myomorph rodents?

A

Cystitis
Urolithiasis
Uterine varices (varicose veins)
Uterine/renal neoplasia

28
Q

What is the most common tumour in rats?

A

Mammary gland tumour

adenoma or carcinoma

29
Q

How many mammary glands do rats have?

A

12

30
Q

What rats are most at risk of mammary tumours?

A

Females over 1 (can occur in males)
Rats on high fat diets
Rats with pituitary tumours

31
Q

How can the risk of mammary tumours in rats be reduced?

A

Early neutering

32
Q

All rats with mammary tumours have elevated levels of what hormone in their blood?

A

Prolactin
(Both genders)
Prolactin also secreted with pituitary tumours

33
Q

What are the suggested treatments of rat mammary tumours?

A

Carbeglone, deslorelin, leuprolide

Tamoxifen - if oestrogen receptor adenocarcinom Dx

34
Q

Pituitary tumours cause a hyper secretion of which hormone?

A

Prolactin

associated with mammary tumours or abnormal lactation

35
Q

What are the clinical signs of pituitary adenomas/tumours in rats?

A

Abnormal lactation (prolactin - also mammary tumours)
Bilateral exophthalmus
Neuro signs

36
Q

What hormone induces pituitary disease/adenocarcinoma in rats?

A

Oestrogen

37
Q

Why is lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) a significant virus of mice and hamsters?

A

Zoonotic

Exposure to bodily fluids or fomites causes mild febrile illness

38
Q

How is leptospirosis spread?

A

Urine from infected rats

39
Q

What is chromadocryorrhea?

A

Porphyrin pigmented tears secreted by Harderian gland
Due to stress, overcrowding, poor husbandry or underlying disease
(Symptom rather than disease)

Exotics (SA) (5 decks)

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