Myology

Question 1

composed of contractile units of varied morphologic characteristics, activated by voluntary or involuntary nerve impulses or by humoral substances.

Answer 1

Muscular System

Question 2

provide forces for many functions, including locomotion or posture, respiration, alimentation, and circulation.

Answer 2

Muscles

Question 3

What is the latin word for muscle

Answer 3

little mouse

Question 4

Other term for muscle fiber/muscle cell?

Answer 4

Myofiber, Myocyte

Question 5

• functional cellular unit
• with organelles and inclusions

Answer 5

Myofiber/Myocyte

Question 6

Cell membrane = ____________

Answer 6

Sarcolemma

Question 7

Cytoplasm = _______________

Answer 7

sarcoplasm

Question 8

Muscle is the primary tissue in the?

Answer 8

1. Heart (Cardiac MT)
2. Walls of hollow organs (Smooth MT)
3. Skeletal Muscle

Question 9

Functions of the muscle tissue

Answer 9

1. Movement
2. Maintenance of posture
3. Joint Stabilization
4. Heat Generation
5. Contractility
6. Excitability
7. Extensibility & Elasticity

Question 10

Electrical nerve impulse stimulates the muscle cell to contract

Answer 10

Excitability

Question 11

Can be stretched back to its original
length by contraction of an opposing muscle

Answer 11

Extensibility & Elasticity

Question 12

Long cells shorten and generate pulling force

Answer 12

Contractility

Question 13

•Muscle contractions produce heat
•Helps maintain normal body temperature

Answer 13

Heat Generation

Question 14

enables the body to remain sitting or standing

Answer 14

Maintenance of Posture

Question 15

–Moves body by moving the bone

Answer 15

Skeletal Muscle

Question 16

– squeezes fluids and other substances through hollow organs

Answer 16

Smooth Muscle

Question 17

• efficient pumping blood

Answer 17

Cardiac Muscle

Question 18

What are the types of muscle tissue

Answer 18

1. Smooth / Unstriated Involuntary MT
2. Skeletal / Striated Voluntary MT
3. Cardiac / Striated Involuntary MT

Question 19

•Visceral muscle
•Smooth myofibers with a single central nucleus
•Walls of hollow organs: blood vessels, eyeball, dermis,

Answer 19

Smooth Muscles

Question 20

•Packaged into skeletal muscles
•Makes up 40% of body weight
•Cells are striated

Answer 20

Skeletal Muscle

Question 21

Basic Features of a Skeletal mm.

Answer 21

• Connective tissue and fascicles

– Connective tissue sheaths bind a skeletal muscle and its fibers together

Question 22

Types of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 22

1. Epimysium
2. Perimysium
3. Endomysium

Question 23

a fine sheath of connective tissue wrapping each muscle cell.

Answer 23

Endomysium

Question 24

surrounds each fascicle (group of muscle fibers)

Answer 24

Perimysium

Question 25

dense regular connective tissue surrounding entire muscle

Answer 25

Epimysium

Question 26

In *Sliding Filament Theory**, myosin head attach to _________ in the ____________.

Answer 26

actin, thin filaments

Question 27

Basic unit of contraction in a skeletal mm.

Answer 27

Sarcomere

Question 28

the point where nerve ending and muscle fiber meet

Answer 28

Neuromuscular junction

Question 29

Motor neurons innervate _______________

Answer 29

skeletal muscle tissue

Question 30

Occurs in the walls of the heart

Answer 30

Cardiac Muscle

Question 31

2 types of cardiac muscle

Answer 31

1. Ordinary Cardiac Muscle Tissue
2. Special Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Question 32

Example of special cardiac MT?

Answer 32

Purkinje fibers

Question 33

impulse- conducting cells which conduct impulses from the AV node through the interventricular septum of the ventricles

Answer 33

Purkinje fibers

Question 34

• highly vascular
• fibers are branched
• presents intercalated disk

Answer 34

Ordinary Cardiac MT

Question 35

Ordinary Cardiac MT presents _________ disk.

Answer 35

Intercalated disk

Question 36

> serve to coordinate the contraction of the atria and ventricles.

> larger than the ordinary cardiac cells, with lighter sarcoplasm containing fewer myofibrils located at the periphery of the cell

Answer 36

Cardiac Muscle

Question 37

What are the muscle attachments?

Answer 37

1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Belly
4. Tendinous Attachment
5. Aponeurotic Attachment
6. Intrinsic Muscle
7. Extrinsic Muscle
   • Prime movers or agonists
   • Antagonist

Question 38

the more movable, in the limbs, it is the more distal attachment

Answer 38

Insertion

Question 39

the less movable; in the limbs, it is the more proximal attachment

Answer 39

origin

Question 40

thick fleshy central part of the muscle tissue

Answer 40

belly

Question 41

the dense connective tissue connecting the
spindle shape or pennate muscle to bone

Answer 41

Tendinous attachment

Question 42

lie completely within one region of the body where they have their origin and insertion. They act on the bones in that part only

Answer 42

Intrinsic muscle

Question 43

the flat, tendinous sheet associated with flat muscles such as those of the abdominal wall

Answer 43

Aponeurotic attachment

Question 44

run from one region of the body to another and alter the position of the whole part

Answer 44

Extrinsic muscle

Question 45

the characteristic movement of a joint is
produced by a muscle/s

Answer 45

Prime movers or agonists

Question 46

the muscles responsible for the opposite action

Answer 46

Antagonist

Question 47

In the elbow joint, what muscles are the prime mover and antagonist?

Answer 47

flexion- biceps brachii m (prime mover)
extension- triceps brachii m (antagonist)

Question 48

_______________- is a disease that interrupts the way nerves communicate with muscles.

Answer 48

Canine Myasthenia Gravis

Question 49

rapidly progressive motor paralysis caused by a toxin in the tick’s saliva that attacks the nervous system.

Answer 49

Tick paralysis

Question 50

_____________ - the wasting or thinning of muscle mass. It can be caused by disuse of your muscles or neurogenic conditions.

Answer 50

Muscle atrophy