Arthrology Flashcards
- science of the ligamentous
system - scientific study of joints
and articulations
Arthrology /Syndesmology
__________ are formed when 2 or more bones are united by fibrous, elastic or cartilaginous or by combination of these
Articulation/s or Joints
- connective tissue bands that
connect muscle to bone.
Tendon
Other term for Arthrology?
Syndesmology
connective tissue bands that
extend from bone to bone
Ligament
-a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
Tendon
-flexible fibrous connective tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint
Ligament
cruciate ligaments of the stifle
Intracapsular (intra-articular) ligaments
external to the joint capsule; they include collateral, dorsal, palmar, plantar, and annular ligaments.
Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments
found within joints and are surrounded by the synovial membrane
Intracapsular (intra-articular) ligaments
fibrocartilage disk
Menisci
What are the 3 types of Extracapsular (periarticular) ligaments
Extracapsular - CDA
- Collateral ligaments
- Dorsal and palmar (or plantar) ligaments
- Annular ligaments
lie in front of and behind the joint
Dorsal and palmar (or plantar) ligaments
lie on the medial and lateral aspects of a joint.
Collateral Ligaments
surround the joint, and their fibers generally circle the joint to strengthen and
protect the capsule.
Annular Ligaments
Classification of Joints (According to the number of articulating surfaces involved)
- Simple Joints
- Compound Joints
Classification of joints based on the basis function
- Fibrous Joints
- Cartilaginous Joint
- Synovial Joint
articulations with more than two articulating bones
Compound joints
articulations with two articulating bones
simple joints
Other term for fibrous joints?
synarthrosis
Have no joint cavity. The bones are united by fibrous tissue.
Fibrous joints (synarthrosis)
What are the different types of fibrous joints (synarthrosis) ?
- Syndesmosis
- Suture
- Gomphosis
- with considerable amount of intervening connective tissue
- white fibrous/ elastic tissue or mixture
Give ex.
Syndesmosis
temporohyoid joint
implantation of the teeth in the alveoli
gomphosis
United by cartilage, with no intervening joint cavity.
- limited movement such as compression and stretching
Cartilaginous Joint (Amphiarthosis)
Types of cartilaginous joint (amphiarthosis)?
• Synchondrosis , Hyaline cartilage joints/
primary joints
• Symphyses, Fibrocartilaginous joints
The uniting medium is a joint capsule.
- facilitates mobility; most movable joints in the body
- commonly involved in dislocations
Synovial joint (true joint/diarthrosis)
joints of the flat bones of the skull
Suture
Types of suture
- serrated suture
- squamous suture
- Plane suture
- Foliate suture
- Schindylesis
one that articulates by reciprocally beveled edges
> absorb shock
ex.
squamous suture
-frontonasal
-frontomaxillary
-parieto-temporal suture
articulates by means of reciprocally alternating processes and depressions
ex.
serrated suture
> interparietal suture
petro-occipital suture
one in which the bones meet at an essentially right angled edge or surface
Plane suture
> internasal suture
Interincisive suture
uneven jagged edges of bones interlock
schindylesis
one in which the edge of one bone fits into a fissure or recess of an adjacent bone
ex.
Foliate suture
> zygomaticomaxillary suture
Characteristics of a synovial joint
a. Joint Capsule
b. Joint Cavity
c. Articular Cartilage
Other term for synovial joint
True Joint/ Diarthrosis
Other term for cartilaginous joint
Amphiarthosis
2 membranes of the joint capsule
- Synovial membrane (inner connective tissue)
- Fibrous membrane (outer, yellow elastic tissue)
lubricate contact surfaces
Synovial fluid
thickenings of fibrous layer
collateral ligaments
What are the 7 types of synovial joints?
- Plane Joints
- Hinge Joints
- Trochoid/Pivot Joints
- Condylar Joint
- Saddle Joint
- Ball and Socket
- Ellipsoidal Joint
Articular surfaces are plane
- allow only gliding movements
ex.
Plane Joint
- costotransverse joint
Cylindrical surface of one joint fits in the through shape of the other.
- allow movement around 1 axis
ex.
Hinge Joint
- elbow joint
Egg shaped surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of the other
- allow movement in 2 axis
ex.
Condylar Joint
- stifle joint
- temporomandibular joint
Rounded end of one bone forms into a ring formed by the other bone plus a ligament.
- movement (rotation) in 1 axis
ex.
Trochoid/Pivot Joint
- median atlanto-axial joint
- proximal radioulnar joint
Opposing joint are concavo-convex
ex.
Saddle Joint
- Tarsocrural joint
- Interphalangeal Joints
an elongation of one surface at a right angle to the other, forming an ellipse
ex.
Ellipsoidal Joint
- antebrachiocarpal joint
Spherical head of one bone fits into the socket of the other. Multiaxial joint.
ex.
Ball and Socket
- Shoulder Joint
- Hip Joint
2 nd most common hock problem
Osteochondrosis dessicans
removal of the distal phalanges through the distal interphalangeal joint in cat
“Declawing” or “onychectomy”
formerly known as round ligament of the femur, it is short intracapsular ligament extending from the acetabular cavity to the notch on the head of the femur (fovea capitis)
“Ligament of the head of femur”
pathological movement of the tibia cranial to the femur due to rupture of the cranial
cruciate ligament.
“Cranial (anterior) drawer sign”
inflammation of stifle.
Gonitis
Diarthrodial joints Movement
Angular movements
• Flexion
• Extension
• Circumduction
• Rotation
• Adduction
• Abduction
• Supination
• Pronation
- rotation of the appendage so that the palmar or plantar surface of the paw faces medially of dorsally
Supination
rotation of the appendage from the supine
position so that the palmar or plantar surface of the paw faces ventrally
Pronation
Yes Joint
Atlanto-occipital joint
No joint
Atlantoaxial joint
Scapulohumeral/ glenohumeral
Shoulder joint
Coxofemoral joint
Hip Joint
Fibrocartilage that unites bones
Symphyses, Fibrocartilaginous Joints
Stifle joint
Knee joint, genual joint
tarsal joint
hock joint
elbow joint
Cubital joint/ humeroradioulnar joint
Carpal joint
Radiocarpal Joint
Metacarpophalangeal joint
Fetlock joint
Proximal interphalangeal joint
Pastern Joint
Distal interphalangeal joint
Coffin Joint
