Myology Flashcards
What are the 3 categories of muscle tissue?
smooth
cardiac
skeletal
What is smooth muscle?
not striated
viscera (guts)
What is cardiac muscle?
striated
musculature of the heart
What is skeletal muscle?
striated muscle attached to bone
voluntary control
What are the features of skeletal muscle?
striated
elongate multinucleated cells (muscle fibers)
What is included in a motor unit?
the neuron
plus the muscle fiber
What happens when you active multiple motor units?
you get a stronger contraction
What are the different levels of fascia associated with muscle?
epimysium
perimysium
endomysium
What is epimysium?
fascia that surround the entire muscle
What is perimysium?
loose connective fascia that surround muscle bundles
What is endomysium?
small amounts of loose connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers within fiber bundles
Starting from the inside out name the layers of muscle
muscle fiber —> endomysium—>bundle of fibers—>perimysium—>bundle of bundles (muscle)—>epimysium
What are 2 ways to protect a tendon?
bursa
tendon synovial sheath
What is a bursa
a fluid filled synovial pocket between tendon and bone
What is a tendon synovial sheath?
a fluid filled wrap around a tendon
i.e carotid sheath
What is a muscle agonist?
the prime mover executing the particular joint movement
What is an antagonist muscle?
opposes the action of the agonist
What is a synergist muscle?
assists the agonist - stabilizes joints
What are the 2 types of fasicle and fiber arrangement?
parallel
pennate
Describe parallel muscle arrangement
strap or spindle arrangement
fast movements
describe pennate muscle arrangement
fibers arranged at an angle to the direction the fiber moves
for strength!!!!
What are the 3 types of pennate arrangement?
unipennate
bipennate
multipennate
What is an example of a unipennate muscle arrangement?
ulnar and radial heads of the deep digital flexor
What is an example of bipennate muscle arrangement?
infraspinatus muscle
What is an example of multipennate muscle arrangement?
humeral head of the deep digital flexor
strongest of all muscle arrangements
What is the strongest muscle arrangement?
multipennate
