Connective Tissue Structures Flashcards
Describe Dense Irregular Arranged Connective tissue - What is it and where is it found in the body?
High Density of collagen fibers, oriented in variable directions.
Found in the dermis; deep fascia in some loactions like the periosteum and fibrous joint capsule
like “fibrous meshwork”
Describe Dense Regularly Arranged Connective Tissue - what is it and where is it found in the body?
High Density of parallel fibers, forming sheets, bands, or cords.
Found in aponeuroses, ligaments and tendons.
Known for their parallel straight arrangement.
How do you define Dermis (a connective tissue)?
The physically tough/strong component of skin deep to the epidermis
A Tendon (connective tissue structure) attaches ___A______ to __\__B_____ and is called an __\__C_______ when sheet-like.
A) Muscle
B) Bone
C) Aponeurosis
What is a Ligament?
A connective tissue that attaches bone to bone (usually thickenings of fibrous joint capsules) - not the same as visceral ligaments located in body cavities which are entirely different structures
How would you define Fascia?
A collagenous connective fibrous tissue that holds the body together - also called the hypodermis
What is superficial fascia and where is it found in the body?
Subcutaneous tissue between skin and muscles/bone (body wall)
Regionally variable in amount (site for SQ injection)
Contains: Cutaneous muscle, mammary tissue, fat (also edema fluid)
ex. Cutaneous trunci muscle and superficial muscles of facial expression
What is deep fascia and where is it found in the body?
Packing/binding tissue surrounding muscles, bones and organs
Compartmentalizes skeletal muscles and gives rise to aponeuroses!
Forms several names structures:
Regional fascia: Thoraco-lumbar fascia:
Fascia lata
Retinaculum
Raphe
Epimysium
What is retinaculum?
Fascia that binds passing tendons to the surface of the carpus or tarsus (also transverse humeral retinaculum)
What kind of defect is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
Collagen
What kind of deep fascia is raphe?
Deep Fascia that joins the right and left counterparts of a particular muscle at the midline
ex. Ventral Abdomen=linea alba and median raphe along trachea on neck
Muscles that come together at midline to form a “seam”
What is epimysium and where is it in the body?
Deep fascia covering the surface of a muscle, depending on the muscle, it may be thin (transparent) or dense (opaque and white)
What is perimysium?
Deep Fascia around muscle fascicles
What is endomysium?
Deep fascia within muscle fasicles
Why is it difficult to heal Ligaments and Tendons?
Because they don’t have very many blood vessels.
Name the unlabeled structures
Describe Loose Areolar Connective Tissue
low fiber density, spaces filled with fat or fluid, found under skin and fascia
What are the 4 types of connective tissue STRUCTURES
1) Dermis
2) Tendon
3) Ligament
4) Fascia
What are the 3 ways to classify bones?
Development
Location
Shape
What are the two development options for bones?
endochondrial
intramembranous
What is endochondral development?
starts off as cartilage and ossifies - most bones do this - when in doubt guess endochondral
exception in the skull!
What is intramembranous development of bones?
comes directly from mesenchyme (fascia)
tend to be flat bones
i.e. bones of the skull and face
What is the calvaria?
The brain case of skull
What are the 3 location options for classifying bones?
axial skeleton
appendicular skeleton
hetertopic bones
What is included in the axial skeleton?
Head
Vertebral column (including tail)
ribs
sternum
What is included in the appendicular skeleton?
bones of limbs
scapula
os coxae (hip bone)
pelvis
Which bones are heterotropic bones?
os penis (carnivores and rodents)
os cardis (cattle)
Out of place bones…
What are the 5 shape options for classifying bones?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones
Define long bones
longer than they are wide
i.e. humerus and femur
Define short bones
relatively square
i.e. carpal bones
Define Flat bones
scapula
os coxae (pelvis)
skul bones
Define irregular bones
short with multiple nubs
i.e. vertebrae
Define sesamoid bones
small and seed like within tendons
i.e. patella (knee cap)
What are the 5 functions of bones?
support
levers
protection
Calcium and phosphate reservoirs
Red Marrow
Which bones have more levers?
long bones
Which bones are mostly used for protection?
rib cage
What are bones composed of?
Collagen fibers (1/3 bone by weight)
(1/2 bone by volume)
Hydroxyapatite crystals
Minerals
Water (not much)
What happens when the physis of a bone closes?
It’s done growing
Which region is spongy bone located in?
epiphysis
Where is the marrow cavity of the bone located?
the diaphysis
Where is the primary ossification site?
diaphysis
Where is the secondary ossification site?
epiphysis
What is the outermost layer of bone called?
periosteum
Which layer of bone is just deep to the periosteum>?
compact bone
Which layer of bone is just deep to compact bone? - in between compact bone and the marrow cavity or spongy bone?
endosteum
Which region of bone houses the nutrient foramen?
the diaphysis
