Myofascial Technique Flashcards
What is fascia composed of?
- collagenous fibers interwoven in an irregular arrangement- made up of fibroblasts, fibroglia, collagen fibrils and elastic fibrils.
- matrix contains prtoeglycans made up of polysaccharide chains containing : glucosamine, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate
- loose connective tissue = areolar
- stretchable
- connects many adjacent structures of the body
- acts like an elastic glue that permits movement
- matrix of areolar tissue is a soft, thick gel mainly because it contains hyaluronic acid
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs): how are they created? what are they made of
- are generated from fibrocytes in response to motion
- Linear polymers of repeating disaccharide unit
- Form milieu in which collagenous fibers provide form and stiffness of connective tissue
- Are hydrophilic and determines the relative fluid content of connective tissue
- More GAGs = more H2O binds to them.
What is Dense Irregular Fibrous tissue composed of? Where is it located
- the bundles of collagenous fibers intertwine in irregular, swirling arrangements
- forms a thick mat of strong connective tissue
- can withstand stresses applied from any direction
- forms the strong inner skin layer called the dermis
- forms the outer capsule of organs as the kidney and the spleen
- fascia that surrounds muscles
What is dense regular fibrous tissue? where is it found?
- fibers are arranged in regular, parallel rows
- flexible but great tensile strength when pulled from either or both ends
- anchor muscle to bone
- ligaments have a predominance of elastic fibers
- arrangement permits arterial walls to be pushed out by blood pressure without breaking and then recoil to a smaller diameter when the blood pressure decreases
stress
force normalized dover the area on which it acts. normal stress is perpendicular to the cross-section. sheer stress is parallel.
strain
change in shape due to stress
stiffness
the ratio of a load to the deformation/strain it causes (the “tight” concept)
compliance
the inverse of stiffness (the “losse concept”)
What is “Creep” and how is it related to residual strain in connective tissues?
- the continued deformation (increasing strain) of a viscoelastic material under constant load over time; release of stored kinetic energy
Creep is the tendency of a solid material to slowly move or deform permanently under the influence of stresses. It occurs as a result of long term exposure to levels of stress that are below the yield strength of the material.
- An imposed constant load will result in relaxation of the tissue
- glass being thicker at the bottom of the pane than at the top in very old windows
Residual Strain occurs due to reorganization at a molecular level.
how is hysteresis related to residual strain?
Hysteresis –”connective tissue response to loading and unloading in which the restoration of the final length of the tissue occurs at a rate and to an extent less than during deformation”
Hysteresis is the energy lost when the energy returned is not equal to the energy stored and represents residual strain.
Different force effects
Wolff’s Law: bones (and soft tissue) tend to deform along the lines of force placed on them.
Hooke’s Law: any strain/deformation placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress placed on it.
Newton’s 3rd Law: when 2 bodies interact, the force exerted by the first on the second is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force exerted by the second body on the first body.
Pascal’s Law: pressure applied to a liquid at rest from any point is transmitted equally in all directions.
What are the MFR mechanisms?
- Fascia is capable of changes in length (plasticity and elasticity), with associated changes of energy content (hysteresis).
- MFR provides peripheral neuroreflexive alterations in muscle tone and neural facilitation, in part, by its influence on mechanoreceptors.
- External forces applied to fascia facilitate restoration of normal structure and function.
- The application of MFR allows for connective tissue plastic changes (creep) which are associated with release of energy. This may include heat, electromagnetic, and piezoelectric changes.
- Tensegrity principles coupled with fascial bioelectric (piezoelectric) properties influence the anatomical and physiological responses of tissues to applied manipulative forces.
what effect does MFR have on gamma gain?
Taking the affected structure to the balanced position relaxes the intrafusal muscle fibers of the spindles lying within the tight, contracted muscle mass. The slow, steady return of the structure to the more neutral position allows a resetting of the gamma gain activity in the spindles of the muscle to a new, lower level.
Describe the difference between elastic and visco-elastic material.
Elastic
- The amount of deformation is the same for a given amount of stress
- Material returns to its original length or conformation when the stress is removed
Viscoelastic
- Nonlinear properties due to the viscous nature
- Magnitude of stress applied is dependent on the rate of loading
- Stored mechanical energy not completely returned once stress removed
- Surpassing the yield point leads to plastic deformation = molecular components are permanently displaced.Surpassing the yield point leads to plastic deformation = molecular components are permanently displaced.
what is the mechanical Viscoelastic model
fascia is not completely elastic, nor is it completely plastic - when elongation happens some energy is lost and some is retained after the application of tensile force = creep.
