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CP1080 > Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest > Flashcards

Myocardial Infarction and Cardiac Arrest Flashcards

1
Q

What is a myocardial infarction?

A

Supply of heart is suddenly blocked, usually by a blood clot

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of a heart attack?

A

Chest pain (indigestion to severe)
Referred pain to left arm, jaw, back and tummy
Feeling lightheaded/dizzy
Shortness of breath
Nausea/Vomiting
Sweating
Feeling of impending doom
Coughing or wheezing

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3
Q

What is the leading cause of heart attacks?

A

Coronary heart disease

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4
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Condition where the coronary arteries get clogged with deposits of cholesterol, known as atherosclerotic plaques

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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac arrest?

A

Appear to not be breathing
Not moving
Don’t respond to stimulation

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6
Q

What is angina?

A

Syndrome caused by the supply of oxygen-rich blood to the heart becoming restricted

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7
Q

When does angina usually occur?

A

During exercise

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8
Q

What medicine is used to treat angina?

A

Glyceryl trinitrate

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9
Q

What are some less common causes of an MI?

A

Drug misuse - cocaine, amphetamines, methamphetamines
Hypoxia - CO poisoning

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10
Q

What is the most important test to diagnose a MI?

A

ECG

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11
Q

What are the 3 main types of acute coronary syndrome?

A

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Unstable angina

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12
Q

What is the most serious form of a heart attack?

A

STEMI - total blockage of coronary artery

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13
Q

Is there cardiac damage during an NSTEMI?

A

Yes but vessel is only partially blocked not fully

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14
Q

Is there cardiac damage during unstable angina?

A

No permanent damage but blood supply to the heart is really restricted and it may progress to a STEMI

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15
Q

What is the most common protein measurement for a MI?

A

Cardiac troponin

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16
Q

What are some other tests used to diagnose a heart attack?

A

Chest x-ray for pneumothorax or pulmonary oedema
Echocardiogram
Coronary angiography

17
Q

What is the main symptom of angina?

A

Chest pain:
tight, dull/heavy feeling… sharp, stabbing pain for women,
Pain spreads to jaw, neck, arms or back,
triggered by physical exertion/stress,
stops within a few minutes of resting

18
Q

What are other symptoms of angina?

A

Breathlessness
Nausea
Pain similar to indigestion
Feeling very tired

19
Q

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A

High blood pressure
High cholesterol/obesity
Smoking
Diabetes
Family history
Sedentary lifestyle

CP1080 (9 decks)

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