Myeloma Flashcards
Myeloma, also known as?
Multiple myeloma
Myeloma is uncontrolled proliferation of?
Plasma cells
In myeloma are many different types of Ig’s produced, or just one type?
Ig’s are identical
What are the two main Ig’s that are produced in myeloma
IgG in 2/3’s of pts
IgA in 1/3
What affect does myeloma have on other Ig’s in the body?
They are underproduced = infection risk
In 2/3’s of myeloma pts, what can be found in the urine?
Bence-Jones protein
What is the age and race of a typical myeloma pt
70 year old black (twice as likely in blacks)
What 5 main complications occur in myeloma?
Osteolytic bone lesions (path fractures, bone pain, vertebral collapse, spinal cord compression)
Hypercalcaemia
Anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia
Hyperviscosity
Renal impairment due to light chain deposition
What type of anaemia will be found in myeloma?
Normocytic, normochromic
What bloods would you do in myeloma
FBC - anaemia
^ESR - hyperviscocity
^Urea+creat - AKI
^Ca
What characteristic findings will be on X-ray in a myeloma pt
Punched out lytic lesions - pepperpot skull, long bone fractures
What three things do you need to diagnose myeloma
Monoclonal protein band on electrophoresis
^plasma cells on BM biopsy
Evidence of end organ damage (^Ca, renal insufficiency, anaemia)
Treatment for myeloma
Supportive + MDT (chemo)
Prognosis of myeloma?
3-4years
