Myeloid Leukemias Flashcards
B-ALL
common genetic abnormalities
B-ALL
t(12;21), ETV6 and RUNX1
t(9,22) BCR-ALB1 190 Da
KMT2A
The presence of Auer rods tells us that the cell is
myloid/lymphoid?
myloid
AML with t(8;21)
immunophenotype
AML with t(8;21)
- (+)CD34, MPO (myloid perioxidase)
The blast cell is an abnormal eosinophil with large, basophilic granules
what is the mutation?
prognosis?
AML with inv(16) or t(16;16)
*the presence of this translocation is diagnostic regardless of blast count
The prognosis is generally good unless accompanied with a KIT mutation or an FLT3 mutation
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
translocation
immunophenotype
prognosis
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)
- t(15;17) PML/RARA fusion that inhibits maturation of the cell
- myeloid CD13, CD22. absent CD34 and HLA-DR
- high risk of DIC so begin treatment with ATRA even without a confirmed diagnosis
What is this?
What is the mutation?
APL
t(15;17) PML-RARA fusion
What is the most common pediatric AML?
translocation?
The most common pediatric AML is a t(9;11) translocation
Therapy related AML can be caused by:
chemotherapy or radiation for other malignancies
occur about 5-7 yrs after treatment with alkylating agents (think about chemo drugs cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide)
occur 1-2 years after topoisomerase II inhibitor theraphy
This type of myelopoiesis is common in the newborn and affects about 10% of down syndrome patient
what is the prognosis?
Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis (TAM)
leukocytosis
Trisomy 21, GATA1 and JAK3 mutations
prognosis is good if there is no hepatic fibrosis and usually resolves <3 months
Gingival infiltration is associated with what type of leukemia?
Acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation (FAB M5b subtype)
mutation in BRAF (valine to glutamine at residue 600)
immunophenotype: HLD-DR, S-100, CD!a
Langerhans Cell Histocytosis
involves dendritic cells or macrophages
calvarial bone defects
diabetes insipidus
exophthalamos
Hand-Schuller-Christian triad
BRAF mutations
