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Nutrition Year 1 > MYCOTHERAPY > Flashcards

MYCOTHERAPY Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycotherapy?

A

the use of mushrooms and their compounds as medicine

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2
Q

2 properties of fungi?

A
  1. create a mycelial network that releases enzymes and acids ro externally digest dead organisms, move nutrient back into the soil
  2. grow quickly and branch their filaments and threads in any direction
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3
Q

What is the most useful medicinal mushroom compound?

A

Beta-glucans - immune system

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4
Q

What are beta-glucans? What action on the human body?

A

polysaccharides that sometimes contain a protein
Most common are 1,3 and 1,6 beta glucans

Action on the immune system => immune function support, immunomodulation, anti-tumour

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5
Q

What action have beta glucans on the immune system?

A

captures in the lymphatic tissue of intestines and stimulates macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes and NK cells ==> support optimal immune functions

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6
Q

What are the 4 medicinal mushrooms compounds/constituents ?

A
  1. beta glucans = immune system
  2. Triterpenes = hepato-protective, anti-tumour
  3. Sterols = ergosterol (vit D precursor) + anti cancer
  4. Lectins = agglutinate tumour cells prevent proliferation
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7
Q

medicinal mushrooms and drug interaction ?

A

None here

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8
Q

Reishi properties? x2

A

Adaptogen => increase body resistance to stress
Tonic => rebuild energy and resilience

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9
Q

Reishi constituants (main ones x2)

A

beta glucans
Triterpenes

Also sterols, lectins and B vitamins

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10
Q

Reishi taste

A

bitter - often used supplements rather than fresh. non-edible mushroom

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11
Q

Reishi therapeutic uses and dosage x8

A

Immune boosting
Anti-viral
Anti Ageing (antiox and anti-inflammatory)
Anti-cancer
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-coagulant
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Stress and Sleep
Blood sugar regulating

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12
Q

what are 3 ways Reishi is immune boosting / anti viral?

A
  • increase number and activity of T-lymphocytes, macrophages and NK cells
  • Triterpenes in Reishi inhibit the replication of EBV and Hepatitis B virus
  • inhibit reverse transcriptase in HIV
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13
Q

Name 3 ways Reishi is anti-cancer?

A
  • induce apoptosis and inhibit angiogenesis
  • inhibit tumour metastases by limiting attachment to endothelial cells
  • beta glucans strengthen the immune system
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14
Q

what compounds makes reishi anti-inflammatory?

A

Triterpenes provides anti inflammatory and anti histamine action

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15
Q

In which inflammatory condition is reishi useful?

A

Asthma and allergies because brings balance between T-helper 1 and 2 cells

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16
Q

via which action is reishi anti-coagulant?

A

Ganoderic acids inhibits platelets aggregation

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17
Q

what is reishi action in benign prostate hyperplasia?

A

its an 5alpha-reductase inhibitor (block conversion of testosterone to DHT preventing abnormal prostate growth

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18
Q

What component in reishi has an action on stress and sleep?

A

Triterpenes - sedative action and calm the NS activity

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19
Q

What component in Reishi helps with insulin resistance?

A

Ganoderic acids => decrease insulin cellular resistance in type 2 diabetes and PCOS

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20
Q

action of ganoderic acids in reishi? x2

A

anti coagulant
Blood sugar regulation

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21
Q

Reishi dosage range?

A

3-9g/day increase with tolerance
interaction at high dose with anticoagulant drugs

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22
Q

Shiitake properties?

A

replenish the Qi, nourish the blood anti-cancer
Common edible mushroom

23
Q

Shiitake constituants ?

A

Beta glucans
Lentinan
Choline
ZInc
Pro vitamin D
Iron
B vitamins
Unsaturated fatty acids

24
Q

What is lentinan properties in Shiitake ?

A

lentinan has anti cancer properties

25
Q

Shiitake therapeutic uses x 5 ?

A
  • immune modulating => increase phagocytes, t-lymphocytes and NK cells
  • CVD => lower LDL / increase HDL
  • Cancer => anti-proliferation anti-angiogenic
  • Gout => alkalinising effect
  • BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) => high zinc level block testosterone conversion to DHT
26
Q

2 ways shiitake is good for immune system and 3 clinical applications

A
  • increase t-lymphocytes, NK cells and phagocytes
  • increase interferons

Immune support - Cancer patients and HIV patients
anti candida - shiitake can breakdown candida biofilm
antibacterial activity in oral cavity (gingivitis and periodontitis

27
Q

2 ways Shiitake helps prevent CVD?

A
  • Lower LDL by increasing faecal excretion, increase HDL
  • inhibit platelet aggregation
28
Q

Shiitake dosage range

A

1.5-10g/day mushroom fresh
high dose can create abdominal discomfort + careful with anticoagulant drugs

29
Q

Lion’s Mane properties?

A

White flesh edible mushroom - lobster like flavour

30
Q

Lion’s mane components ?

A

Beta glucans
Erinacines
High protein
Selenium
Zinc

31
Q

Lion’s mane therapeutic uses x2

A
  • GI disorders = promotes regeneration of the gastric and intestinal mucosa + prebiotic
  • NS disorder = erinacine has stimulatory effect on nerve growth factor production (regeneration of neurones and
32
Q

2 ways lion’s mane is used fir GI disorders + associated pathologies

A
  1. promote regeneration of gastric and intestinal mucosa => increased gastrointestinal permeability, IBD, peptic ulcers, gastritis, GORD
  2. prebiotic to support the intestinal flora (can be used in cases of dysbiosis)
33
Q

what component of lion’s mane is helpful for NS disorder and how?

A

Erinacine has stimulatory effect on the production of nerve growth factor to regenerate neurones and myelin sheath
Powerful antioxidant
=> alzheimer’s, concussion recovery, MS, Parkinson’s, peripheral neuropathy, general cognitive decline

34
Q

Lion’s mane dosage

A

1-6g/day fresh mushroom

35
Q

Turkey Tail properties

A

Two polysaccharides extract from turkey tail:
- Polysaccharide K (PSK)
- Polysaccharide Peptide (PSP)
Cancer treatment

36
Q

Turkey tail therapeutic uses x2

A

Cancer treatment => anti-metastases, anti proliferation, anti angiogenic

Immune modulatory => increase activity of macrophages, T-lymphocytes and NK cells + anti viral action

37
Q

turkey tail anti cancer properties are due to which action? For which cancer is it recommended?

A

PSP and PSK actions
induce apoptosis
anti proliferation, metastase and angiogenic
Hormonally driven cancers (breast, prostate and ovarian)

38
Q

3 ways turkey tail has immune modulatory action

A
  1. increase macrophages, t-lymphocytes and NK cells activity
  2. anti viral for HIV, EBV and HPV
  3. normalise overactive immune system and autoimmunity
39
Q

Turkey tail dosage ?

A

1-9g / day in capsule
Side effect = nausea, loss appetite and diarrhoea

40
Q

MAITAKE properties

A

Maitake is a tonic and adaptogenic mushroom

41
Q

maitake constituents

A

beta glucans
metalloproteins
lectins
enzymes
ergosterols

42
Q

maitake 4 therapeutic uses

A
  • immune regulation - beta glucans cause increase in T lymphocytes and NK cells and macrophages + fatty acids inhibit cox 1 and 2 pathway reducing inflammation
  • Cancer - beta glucans immune boosting effects
  • CVD - protease prevents clot formation - reduce LDL and regulate renin agiotensin aldosterone system
  • Metabolic diseases - proteoglycan improve insulin sensitivity
43
Q

In what way maitake helps with metabolic diseases and which ones? 3

A
  • Contains proteoglycan which improve insulin sensitivity in type II diabetes
  • help induce ovulation in PCOS
  • for fatty liver disease - lower LDL cholesterol and promotes healthy weights
    => metabolic syndrome
44
Q

maitake dosage?

A

3-7g a day
potential additive effect when used in addition with blood glucose lowering medication

45
Q

which vitamin increase beta-glucan absorption?

A

Vitamin C

46
Q

Chaga properties?

A

Certain cancer, heart disease, diabetes and to increase endurance
Rich anti oxidant
Reduce inflammation by down regulating inflammation mediators

47
Q

Chaga constituents

A

Beta gluten
triterpenoids
Sterols - ergosterol

48
Q

Chaga therapeutic uses x2

A
  • immunity - support t-lymphocytes proliferation and bone marrow + anti vital against hepatitis B, help prevent cytokines storm
  • cancer - cell apoptosis and offset bone marrow suppression in chemo
49
Q

in which condition can chug be used because of its anti inflammatory action?

A

UC, RA and CD

50
Q

Chaga dosage and safety

A

1-4g/day
anti platelet aggregation do not use before surgery
safety in pregnancy and lactation not established

51
Q

Cordyceps properties

A

Cordyceps is supports energy-stimulating capacity of the kidney => rejuvenation in convalescence

52
Q

Cordyceps constituents

A

polysaccharides => anti inflammatory activity
cordycepin acid => improves hepatocytes function
nucleosides
ergosterols
sterols

53
Q

cordyceps therapeutic uses x 7

A
  • kidney disease - decrease proteinuria, improve creatine clearance, support filtration capacity. protects kidney from immuno suppressant medication + stimulate formation of erythrocytes => chromic kidney disease
  • liver disease - cordycepin improves hepatocytes function and decrease formation of fibrotic tissue
  • CVD - anti inflammatory polysaccharides + rich in adenosine good for congested heart failure + help in arrhythmia
  • respiratory disease - asthma and bronchitis
  • fatigue and concentration - adenosine provide extra energy
  • reproductive disease - enhance fertility and libido in men and woman, impotency, regulate mesntrual cycle
  • depression - MAO inhibitor leading to increase dopamine and serotonin

Nutrition Year 1 (10 decks)

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