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Infectious diseases pathophysiology > Mycoplasma pneumoniae > Flashcards

Mycoplasma pneumoniae Flashcards

1
Q

How does Mycoplasma pneumoniae rank in size among free-living organisms?

A

Smallest free-living organism

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2
Q

Why is Mycoplasma pneumoniae insensitive to β-lactam antibiotics?

A

Because it lack a cell wall

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3
Q

What is the colony appearance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae?

A
  • Fried egg appearance
  • Dense center
  • Less dense periphery
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4
Q

M. pneumoniae can grow in this kind of agar?

A

Eaton agar

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5
Q

What stain is used to visualize Mycoplasma pneumoniae colonies, and what does it show?

A

Dienes stain, shows colonies containing densely stained granules

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6
Q

What sugars does Mycoplasma pneumoniae ferment?

A

Glucose, xylose, mannose, maltose, dextrin, and starch

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7
Q

T/F. Mycoplasma pneumoniae produces hemolysin.

A

True

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8
Q

What structural feature does Mycoplasma pneumoniae have instead of a cell wall?

A

A trilaminar cell membrane rich in sterols

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9
Q

How does Mycoplasma pneumoniae reproduce?

A

Binary fission

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10
Q

To which host cells does M. pneumoniae adhere?

A
  • Respiratory epithelial cells
  • Red blood cells
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11
Q

What type of receptors does M. pneumoniae use for adhesion?

A

Sialic acid receptors

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12
Q

What proteins are involved in M. pneumoniae adhesion?

A
  • P1
  • P30
  • Proteins B and C
  • P116
  • HMW1-3
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13
Q

What specialized structure does Mycoplasma pneumoniae use for adhesion?

A

Specialized adhesion organelle

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14
Q

What type of motility does Mycoplasma pneumoniae exhibit, and how is it facilitated?

A

Gliding motility

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15
Q

What are the two major strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and how do they differ?

A

Type 1 and type 2; P1 adhesion protein

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16
Q

What cytotoxin does Mycoplasma pneumoniae produce?

A

Community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) toxin

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17
Q

What autoantibodies are produced in response to M. pneumoniae infection?

A

Isohemagglutinins, which target the l antigen on adult erythrocytes

18
Q

What are cold agglutinins, and when were they first described?

A

Antibodies that cause reversible agglutination of erythrocytes at 4°C

19
Q

What are the key characteristics of CARDS toxin?

A
  • ADP ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin
  • Found in inflamed airways
  • Triggers antibody production
20
Q

What type of structures do Mycoplasma pneumoniae biofilms form?

A

Volcano-like structures

21
Q

T/F. There are macrolide-resistant strains of M. pneumoniae.

22
Q

Who is most affected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections?

A

Children and adolescents

23
Q

How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmitted?

A

Person-to-person via droplets

24
Q

In what settings do M. pneumoniae outbreaks frequently occur?

A

Closed populations

25
Q

In which age groups are Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections most common?

A

Children and young adults

26
Q

How does M. pneumoniae attach to the respiratory epithelium?

A

Binds sialic acid receptors via attachment organelle

27
Q

What effect does M. pneumoniae attachment have on the respiratory epithelium?

A

Damages epithelium and impairs cilia function

28
Q

What cytotoxin does M. pneumoniae produce that may damage the respiratory tract?

A

CARDS toxin

29
Q

T/F. The organism may alter surface antigens on the attached cells, leading to autoantibody formation.

30
Q

Are most Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections symptomatic or asymptomatic?

A

Symptomatic

31
Q

What is the most common syndrome caused by M. pneumoniae in older children and adolescents?

A

Tracheobronchitis combined with:
* Coryza
* Pharyngitis
* Otitis media

32
Q

What is the predominant syndrome caused by M. pneumoniae in young adults and adults?

A

Atypical pneumonia

33
Q

How do symptoms of M. pneumoniae pneumonia develop?

A

Gradually, including:
* Low-grade fever
* Malaise
* Headache
* Myalgia
* Cough

34
Q

What symptom can coughing or tracheitis cause in M. pneumoniae pneumonia?

A

Subesternal soreness

35
Q

T/F. Pleuritic chest pain is common in M. pneumoniae pneumonia.

36
Q

What is a hallmark symptom of M. pneumoniae pneumonia?

A

Persistent, frequent, debilitating cough

37
Q

What type of pharyngitis may be present in M. pneumoniae pneumonia?

A

Nonexudative

38
Q

T/F. Cervival lymphadenopathy is not common in M. pneumoniae pneumonia.

39
Q

T/F. M. pneumoniae infection may precipitate exacerbations of childhood asthma.

40
Q

What are the gold standard for diagnosing M. pneumoniae?

41
Q

M. pneumoniae is currently susceptible to which antibiotics?

A
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Macrolides
  • Tetracyclines
42
Q

This drug is preferred to its lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in M. pneumoniae and fewer contraindications in children.

A

Azithromycin

Infectious diseases pathophysiology (13 decks)

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