mycoplasma

Question 1

discuss the preferable climatic conditions for aspergillosis

Answer 1

• it is a pre and post harvest contaminant
• prefers high temps
• tropical and subtropical climates

Question 2

this mycoplasma prefers hot climates(tropical and subtropical)

Answer 2

aspergillosis

Question 3

this mycoplasma is a storage mould

Answer 3

• pennicillin
• optimal growth = 16-28 degrees
• they are able to adapt to low pH environment (silage)

Question 4

Most important phytopathogenic fungal genus

Answer 4

• fusarium
• Invasion and toxin formation on the living plant

Question 5

mycoplasma which are Environmental „contaminants“:
in houses, stables, decaying material

Answer 5

• Rhizopus stolonifer
• Alternaria alternaria

Question 6

what are the lesions of aspergillosis fumigatous in cattle

Answer 6

• omasum > rumen > reticulum
• necrohemorrhagic lesions, neutrophilia,thrombosis, pneumonia
• mycotic abortion
• mycotic mastitis
• Toxico-infections: Mould detectable in the tissues

Question 7

a fungus that causes Respiratory diseases in horses

Answer 7

• A.fumigatous
• Hay and straw & indoor environment
• Fungal spores (A. fumigatus) & Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)

Question 8

the invisible moulds in grass and hay

Answer 8

Endophytes

Question 9

list all the lesions/cs of ERGOTAMINE/Equine Fescue Toxicosis:

Answer 9

• abortion
• •prolonged gestation
• •premature separation of the chorionic membrane
• •thickened placenta
• •retained placenta
• •agalactia (suppression of lactation)

Question 10

effects of ergotamine in cattle

Answer 10

• fescus foot
• heat intolerance
• very poor quality meat

Question 11

this mycotoxin is an Inhibitor of Ca++-activated K+ channels.

Answer 11

lolitum B

Question 12

when do u get to see cs in lolitrum B toxin

Answer 12

• > 1.2 ppm Lolitrem B visible clinical symptoms
• < 0.8 ppm no clinical symptoms
• cause staggers syndrome
• Lolitrem B concentrations
  decrease during storage
  5.6 → 0.9 ppm
  (within 3 months)
• Rate of degradation
  depends on storage
  conditions
• Ataxia & Instability decrease within 48hrs after hay withdrawal
• Full recovery>6 weeks
• When diagnosed correctly,
  Lolitrem intoxications
  are completely reversible

Question 13

DDx: Neuro-degerative diseases in horses

Answer 13

• Equine Herpes Virus Infections (EHV-1)
• Equine degenerative myelo-encephalopathy
• Polysaccharide storage myopathy
• Iliac thrombosis
• Equine motor neuron disease (EMND)
• Grass sickness (EGS)

Equine dysautonomia
Cl. botulinum type C
(Group III) Toxin ?

Question 14

example of Endophytes in Legumes

Answer 14

Slaframine

Question 15

cs of Slaframine

Answer 15

• Salivation
• Anorexia
• Diarrhea
• Loss of body condition

Question 16

• characteristics of Fungal exotoxins

Answer 16

• Diverse chemical structures > 800 different toxins
• Low molecular weight haptens, non-immunogenic
• High lipophilicity high bioavailability (except: FB1)
• Physical stability heat resistance UV labileirradiation (environment: no item)
• (Bio)chemical stability pH-tolerance
  
  • enzymatic degradation
  • biotransformation
  • glycosinolation (masked mycotoxins
• Biological function: increase in competitiveness

Question 17

effects acute intoxication of mycotons in fish and chicken

Answer 17

Acute intoxications:

• Bile duct proliferation
• Fatty infiltration (pale livers)
• Reduced Vitamin A content
• Immunosuppression

Question 18

cs of turkey x dz

Answer 18

• Weight loss
• Reduced feed conversion
• Anorexia
• Jaundice
• Depression

Question 19

effects of ocratoxins

Answer 19

• Nephrotoxicity
• Polydipsia / Polyuria
• Growth retardation
• Hypothermia
• Immuunsuppression
• (Teratogenicity ?)
• Humans: Balkan endemic nephropathy

and UTT

Question 20

up to page 23