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Foundations of Biomedical Science (see class description for full access) > Mycology, Virology & Parasitology > Flashcards

Mycology, Virology & Parasitology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do yeasts differ from moulds?

A
  • Moulds: mycelial growth made of branching
    tubular filaments called hyphae
  • True yeasts: unicellular
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2
Q

What is a dimorphic fungus?

A
  • A fungi that can exist either as a mould or a yeast
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3
Q

What media is used for growing fungi?

A
  • Sabouraud’s agar
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4
Q

Why are oranges spoilt by mould rather than bacteria?

A
  • The environment of an orange suits the growth of fungi rather than bacteria (it is acidic, moderate temp, aerobic, moist)
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5
Q

Types of asexual spores of fungi

A
  • Sporangiospores
  • Chlamydospores (spores within thickened cell wall of hyphae)
  • Conidiospores (naked spores in chains at hyphal tip)
  • Arthrospores (fragmentation of hyphae)
  • Blastospores (form as buds)
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6
Q

Four stages of fungal sexual spore formation

A
  1. Cells of + thallus and – thallus fuse (Dikaryotic
    stage)
  2. After several hours / years/ centuries nuclei fuse
    (diploid stage)
  3. Meiosis of nucleus restores haploid state
  4. Haploid nucleus partitioned into + and - spores
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7
Q

Three types of fungal sexual spores.

A
  • Zygospores
  • Basidiospores
  • Ascospores
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8
Q

Dermatophyte that causes tinea

A
  • M. gypseum or T. mentagrophytes
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9
Q

Sporotrichosis is caused by which fungus?

A
  • Sporothrix schenckii
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10
Q

Systematic mycoses are caused by which fungi?

A
  • Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)
  • Blastomycosis (B. dermatitidis)
  • Coccidiodomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)
  • Paracoccidoidomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
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11
Q

Candidosis, crytococcosis and pneumosystis pneumonia are diseases
caused by opportunistic fungi. True or false?

A

True

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12
Q

Mycotoxins contaminate approximately 25% of foods world wide,
however usually do not cause disease, why?

A
  • They only rarely appear at a dangerous level
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13
Q

Why can’t viruses by grown on artificial media?

A
  • Viruses cannot live by themselves, they require a host cell to reproduce themselves
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14
Q

What is the main feature of viruses that is used to classify them?

A
  • Whether they contain DNA or RNA (enveloped or non enveloped)
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15
Q

What two main viral symmetries do viruses causing human diseases have?

A
  • Most human viral infections are caused by
    viruses that have iscosahedral or helical
    symmetries
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16
Q

What two ways that viruses can cause disease?

A
  1. Replication within the host cell leading to direct
    damage of the cell
  2. Host defenses leads to cell damage as it attempt to
    clear the virus infected cells
17
Q

Stages of viral infectivity

A
  • Attachment (to host cell via specific receptor on cell membrane)
  • Penetration (entry into host cell, uncoating protein shell)
  • Replication of viral genome
  • Production of late viral proteins (structural)
  • Assembly of the progeny virions
  • Release of virions from cell (budding or lysis)
18
Q

Two methods of viral control

A
  • Heat

- Disinfectants

19
Q

What is the basic structure of viruses?

A
  • Nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA)

- Capsid (capsomeres)

20
Q

Two modes of transmission of viruses

A
  • Physical contact

- Food borne

21
Q

Two methods of detecting viruses for diagnostic

purposes

A
  • Fluorescent microscopy

- Serological tests (blood samples)

22
Q

Prion

A
  • A proteinaceous infectious particle
23
Q

Names for round and flat worms

A
  • Nematodes (round)

- Platyhelminths (flat)

24
Q

Trichinella spiralis is found in what type of food?

A
  • Pig meat
25
Q

What is the common name for cestodia?

A
  • Tape worms
26
Q

Why are nematode infections so common?

A
  • Most transmission is through contaminated water
27
Q

What are the symptoms of malaria and why do these

symptoms occur?

A
  • Fever, chills, nausea, headache
28
Q

What is the main route of infection for parasites? What is an exception?

A
  • Faecal-oral route

- An exception is malaria, which is through the bloodstream

29
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides,Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius

vermicularis are what type of helminth?

A
  • Nematodes (roundworms)

Foundations of Biomedical Science (see class description for full access) (9 decks)

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