Enzymes, Chromatography & Specimens Flashcards
What is meant by the term “metabolism”?
A sequence of enzyme catalysed
chemical reactions in the cell - both anabolic and catabolic reactions
Anabolic and catabolic pathways are different. Briefly
explain two of the differences between an anabolic
pathway and a catabolic pathway.
Anabolic: Concerned with the processes
involved in the assembly of complex
organic molecules, requires energy and has divergent pathway
Catabolic: Processes related to degradation of
complex substances, with resulting
generation of energy, conserves energy and has a convergent pathway
What is an enzyme?
Catalysts that regulate the chemistry of cells and organisms
What is an enzyme active site?
Part of enzyme involved in the catalytic reaction
When referring to an enzymatic reaction, what is meant
by the term “substrate”?
The reactant in an enzyme-catalysed reaction (Substance acted upon by the enzyme)
When referring to an enzymatic reaction, what is meant by the term “product”?
What is produced after the enzyme and substrate have bonded togther
List and briefly explain four (4) variables that can effect
enzyme activity.
Temperature: Each enzyme has an optimum temperature, and can only work within a certain range of temperatures
pH: Each enzyme has an optimum pH, and can only work within a certain range of pH levels
Substrate concentration: The more substrates that bind with available enzymes, the faster the reaction
Enzyme concentration; The greater the number of enzymes that are able to bind with a substrate, the faster the reaction
A laboratory assay uses an enzymatic reaction as part of the assay procedure. Explain why the incorrect
incubation time for the laboratory assay may effect the
results of the assay
This could affect the temperature that the enzyme is working in, and the enzyme may not be able to work effectively
List 4 different types of biological specimens that may be used in a Biomedical Science or Pathology laboratory.
- Blood
- Urine
- Faeces
- Solid tissue
Name the cellular components of blood.
RBC, WBC, platelets
Name 3 components of blood required for clotting.
- Ca2+
- Platelets
- Clotting proteins e.g. fibrinogen
Is there a difference between serum and plasma? Explain your answer.
Plasma: liquid portion of blood
Serum: liquid portion of blood without clotting components
What is an anticoagulant?
A substance that allows the plasma portion of blood to be separated from the rest
List one anticoagulant and explain its mode of action.
Heparin:
- inhibits clotting proteins (eg thrombin)
Why are different anticoagulants used when collecting
blood?
Different coagulants have different purposes and modes of action, e.g. sodium fluoride preserves glucose in blood and oxalate joins calcium ions together