mycology and parasitology

Question 1

clinical significance of fungi

Answer 1

Great imitators–mimic other types of disease (neoplasia,granulamatous infections, inflammation)
Some fungi have toxins that can cause DZ
Associated with immunodeficiency or secondary to other disease
Strong geographic associations and sporadic occurences

Question 2

Fungal cell wall components utilized in antifungal therapies

Answer 2

variable presence of chitin

ergosterol**

Question 3

three major categories of fungi

Answer 3

molds (multicellular)
yeast (unicellular)
dimorphic fungi (both yeast and mold)

Question 4

Characteristics of fungal structure

Answer 4

hyphae (basic mold unit), spores of fruiting bodies, gross appearance of mycelia (masses of hyphae)
hyphae can sometimes have septae

Question 5

zygomycota and glomeromycota

Answer 5

sexual and asexual repro, formation of zoospores or sporangia, aseptate hyphae

Question 6

ascomycota

Answer 6

sexual and asexual reproduction, formation of asci and condia
possess septate hyphae

Question 7

basidiomycota

Answer 7

sexual and asexual reproduction (mushrooms)

some yeast condia-forming molds

Question 8

imperfect fungi

Answer 8

asexual reproduction only

Question 9

hyphae seen grossly

Answer 9

mycellia

Question 10

nomenclature of spores

Answer 10

coccidiodes immitis-arthrospores
aspergillus=conidiophore
microsporum canis=macroconidia
sporangium-sporanigiospores

Question 11

spread of infection

Answer 11

most fungi are aerobes and most do not multiply in the body

exception-pathogens causing systemic infection grow well at body temp

Question 12

geophillic fungi

Answer 12

grow and multiply well in the soil and tend to prefer warm humid enviroment
sporadic and poorly transmitted
ex=microsporum gypseum

Question 13

zoophilic

Answer 13

OBLIGATE PARASITES ON ANIMALS–DO NOT PERSIST OR MULTIPLY IN SOIL
spread rapidly and are zoonotic=microsporum canis in cats

Question 14

anthropophillic

Answer 14

dermatophytes are obligate parasites predominantly found on humans

Question 15

microsporum and trichophyton spp

Answer 15

phylum:ascomycota
septate hyphae
asci and conidia

Question 16

dermatophyte infection and pathogenesis

Answer 16

arthroconidia enter abraded skin and germinate to hyphae in stratum coreum
inflammation due to contact dermititis-specific antigen resp.
acute inflammation mediated by IgE and mast cells
chronic inflammation=hair loss and hyperkeratosis

Question 17

microsporum canis

Answer 17

natural host=cat

sporadic zoonotic=human ringworm==people exposed to symptomatic cat

Question 18

microsporum pericolor

Answer 18

zoophillic and geophillic primarily effects dogs

epidermatiophyte-hair shafts not infected

Question 19

tinea versicolor

Answer 19

caused by malassezia yeast

Question 20

microsporum gypseum

Answer 20

#1 dermatophyte of horses in the south
poorly zoonotic