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CLS 753 > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What YEAST is the most frequently recovered in the clinical lab? Where is it commonly found?

A

Candida albicans

Resident flora

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2
Q

What test is used to quickly identify C. albicans?

A

Germ tube test

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3
Q

What are germ tubes? What are germ tubes dependent on?

A

Short, slender tube-like structures that extend from the pore

  • no segmentation
  • segmentation = false result, or pseudo-hyphae

Glucose

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4
Q

These two organisms are germ tube test positive. How do labs report these two organisms?

A

C. albicans
C. duliniensis

Depends on the lab. May be reported together as: Candida albicans/dubliniensis complex

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5
Q

What 2 screening tests are used for Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii?

A

Urea

Birdseed agar

  • positive for both
  • both organisms phenotypically identical
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6
Q

Urea and birdseed agar - what enzyme does it test for? The enzyme requires this substrate, ___, to produce this end product…

A

Phenol oxidase

Caffeic acid = in birdseed

Melanin
-brown color

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7
Q

Besides urea and birdseed agar tests, C. neoformans and C. gattii can be differentiated with this test… What are the results in terms of color and growth?

A

CGB agar

C. gattii = positive = blue color, growth
C. neoformans = negative = no color change, poor growth
-in 5 days

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8
Q

Difference in C. neoformans and C. gattii in terms of people they infect

A

C. neoformans = immunocompromised (HIV) people only
-causes meningitis

C. gattii = both healthy and sick people

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9
Q

All Cryptococcus species produce this structure. What test can visualize the structure?

A

Capsule

India Ink test

  • dark background with halos
  • capsules push ink away from cells, forming halos
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10
Q

How do arthroconidia (arthrospore) form?

A

FRAGMENTATION of a hyphae

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11
Q

These 3 organisms form arthroconidia. What form are they? Which one is the most dangerous?

A

Geotrichum = yeast
-look for right-angle “germ tubes”; hockey sticks

Trichosporon = yeast
-look for “rabbit ears”

Coccidioides = mycelial (mold), most dangerous

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12
Q

This Candida species, ___, is resistant to this antibiotic

A

krusei

Fluconazole

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13
Q

This species of Candida, ___, is resistant to 3 classes of antifungal drugs

A

auris

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14
Q

Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is used to make smears of this organism…

A

Malassezia furfur

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15
Q

Malassezia furfur requires this supplement in addition to KOH. What kind of appearance does it have?

A

Olive oil

Spaghetti and meatballs

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16
Q

Why is KOH needed on a skin, hair, and nail preparation?

A

KOH breaks down non-fungal tissue to make it easier to see fungal hyphae

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17
Q

How do blastoconidia (blastospore) form?

A

BUDDING from mother yeast cell

-either along a hyphae, pseudo-hyphae or a single cell

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18
Q

When making a fungal wet mount, we add this mounting medium called…

A

Lactophenol blue

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19
Q

Why is lactophenol blue used for a fungal wet mount (3)?

A

Lactic acid = keeps structures from shriveling

Phenol = kills spores and makes them non-viable

Stains the cell wall of fungi. Stains all chitin-containing structures a light blue

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20
Q

Lightly pigmented or colorless hyphae is called…

A

Hyaline mold

21
Q

Darkly pigmented hyphae is called… Another word for it…

A

Dematiaceous mold

Phaeoid mold

22
Q

What are septate hyphae?

A

Hyphae that are separated by a divider between cells

23
Q

What are non-septate (aseptate) hyphae. Which phylum is known for non-septate hyphae?

A

One long cell with many nuclei

Zygomycetes

24
Q

Two characteristic of zygomycetes

A

Hyaline mold

Aseptate hyphae

25
How do sporangiospores form? What is the structure called that hold the spores?
Within a sac Sporangium/sporangia
26
This phylum is associated with making sporangiospores. Name a genus in this species that makes sporangiospores
Zygomycota Rhizopus
27
Are arthrospores, blastospores and sporangiospores sexual or asexual spores?
Asexual
28
The mold (mycelial) form of fungi usually exist in ___ temp, whereas the yeast form of the fungi usually exist in ___ temp
Cold Hot - mnemonic: mold in the cold, yeast in the heat - exceptions: C. albicans
29
Microconidia and macroconidia are usually associated with this group of fungal pathogens... Which one is more common?
Dermatophytes Macroconidia
30
Coccidioides immitis is in this form when it is found in people. What must be seen inside this structure to differentiate it from an artifact?
Spherule -cracked cell wall Endospores
31
Aspergillus - hyaline or dematiaceous? Septate or aseptate?
Hyaline Septate
32
Name a genus that makes dematiaceous mold
Bipolaris
33
Give an example of a "cottony" mold
Aspergillus, Zygomycetes | -dense aerial mycelium
34
Medium aerial mycelium is an example of ___ mold, while low aerial mycelium is an example of ___ mold
Wooly Velvety -has "feet"
35
An example of velvety mold is...
Penicillium
36
Sand like, crumbly mycelium is an example of ___ mold. An example is the genus...
Granular Microsporum
37
Mold that reflects light and lack aerial mycelium is called...
Waxy/smooth | -glabrous
38
Mold that doesn't reflect light, is matted in appearance, and lack aerial mycelium is called...
Creamy
39
Name a species that produces a germ tube result with pseudo-hyphae
Candida tropicalis | -"sausage" like appearance
40
Coccidioides immitis has this appearance in its mycelial form. It possesses a unique hyphae called...
Barrel shaped cells with spacer cells (disjunctor) -arthrospores Racquet hyphae -looks like tennis racquet
41
Describe the mycelial form of Histoplasma capsulatum
Has both macro-conidia and micro-conidia Macroconidia is a giant cell with protrusions on its surface Microconidia look like tear drops
42
Histoplasma capsulatum in vivo can be seen by preparing this specimen sample
Blood | -yeast seen as little purple dots in blood
43
Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast form looks like
Broad base budding Blastomyces | -peanut shaped
44
Blastomyces dermatitidis mycelial form looks like
Long stalks with just hyphae and conidia
45
Give an example of an organism that makes blastospore/blastoconidia
Cryptococcus neoformans
46
What is another name for molds that produce no septa?
Rhizoids | -many species in phylum Zygomycota
47
These organisms are known as "lid lifters" because they can grow very rapidly
Zygomycetes
48
Dimorphic fungi (6)
Coccidioides immitis Histoplasma capsulatum Blastomyces dermatitidis Sporothrix Paracoccidioides Penicillium marneffei

CLS 753 (12 decks)

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