Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the general properties of fungi?

A

Haploid eukaryotes
Thick cell wall composed of chitin,glucan
Cytoplasmic membrane with ergosterol
2 basic morphologies: yeast and molds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the characteristics of yeasts?

A

Unicellular
Reproduce by budding or fission
Form pseudohyphae and germ tubes(candida albicans)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the characteristics of molds?

A 
Multicellular
Form mycelium and hyphae
Can be asexual or sexual 
Can be septate with or without clamp connections
Coenocytic hyphae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the characteristics of mold structure?

A

Form conidia (spores) which help fungi spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different mold structure?

A

Blastoconidia- buds
Sporangiospores in a sporangium- spores in a membrane
Conidiophores-free spores can be blow away by wind
Macroconidia
Microconidia
Chlyamydospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the metabolism of fungi?

A

All fungi are free living and are pathogens
Live on preformed live/dead organic carbon
Can cause hypersensitivity (Chitin)
Ergosterol is the target for anti fungal
80S ribosomes are resistant to prokaryotic antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the major classes of fungal toxins?

A 
Aflatoxins (carcinogens)
Citrinin (nephrotoxin)
Ergot alkaloids (convulsive and gangrenous)
Fumonsins (carcinogens)
Ochratoxin (nephrotoxin)
Trichothecenes (bone marrow toxicity)
Stachybotryotoxins (neurotoxin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of alfatoxins and disease?

A

Aspergillus

Acute liver and hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of citrinin and disease?

A

Penicillium and Aspergillus

Nephrotoxin such as yellow rice disease in Japan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an example of ergot alkaloids and disease?

A

Claviceps

Convulsive and gangrenous forms of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of fumonsins and disease?

A

Fusarium

Transient abdominal pain and diarrhea, esophageal cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an example of ochratoxin and disease?

A

Aspergillus and Penicilium

Balkan endemic nephropathy , renal tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an example of trichothecenes and diseases?

A

Fusarium, Myrothecium, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, Cephalosporium
Gastointestinal hemorrhage and vomiting, direct contact causes dermatitis, moldy grain intoxication, red mold disease, alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of stachybotryotoxins and diseases?

A

Stachybotrys
Contact dermatitis
Sick building syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the characteristics of type 3 hypersensitivity?

A 
Due to inhalation of allergen
Causes pulmonary diseases such as:
bronchial asthma
Farmers lung
Byssinosis-cotton fungus
Pigeon fancier’s disease (feces)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the purpose of treatment with 10% potassium hydroxide?

A

When collecting a sample through scraping of the epidermis, there are a lot of human cells mixed with the fungi
Treatment allows destruction of the human cells to isolate fungi cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the positive staining to visualize fungi?

A 
Lactophenol cotton blue
Periodic acid Schiff 
Mucicarmine
Grocott-Gomori methenamine silver
Less effective are H&E and gram stain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the negative staining?

A

India ink is used

Especially for Cryptococcus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the fluorescent techniques?

A

Fluorescent staining of chitin with Calcophor

Fluorescence under UV light (Wood’s lamp)

20
Q

How to culture fungi in lab?

A

Sabouraud’s agar (low pH, high glucose) inhibits bacteria
Mycological agar (mycosel)-good for isolation of dermatophytes
Chloramphenicol inhibits bacteria
Cyclohexamide inhibits rapidly growing mold contaminants

21
Q

What are the ways the body fight off fungal diseases?

A 
Body temperature of 37C
Transferrin for own  iron sequestration
Alkaline pH of skin
Skin fatty acid
Fungal disease occurred when innate resistance is compromised and are self limiting
22
Q

what are the classifications of fungal infections?

A 
Superficial mycoses-outermost layer
Cutaneous mycoses-into epidermis
Subcutaneous mycoses
Systemic mycoses-usually start from lung
Opportunistic- involve IC patients
23
Q

What are the characteristics of superficial mycoses?

A

Disease: pityriasis versicolor
Agent: Malassezia furfur
Symptoms: hypo or hyper pigmented macules
ID: hyphae and yeast like elements. «Spaghetti and meatballs»

24
Q

What are the agents of the cutaneous mycoses?

A 
Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton 
Penetrate the keratinized skin, hair, nails
Disease: Tinea
Symptoms: Ringworm lesion
25
Q

What are the sources of the cutaneous mycoses?

A

Anthropophilic- person to person, mild and chronic
Zoophilic-animal to person, inflammatory and acute
Geophilic- soil loving to person, severe

26
Q

What are the characteristics of trichophyton?

A

Have numerous microconidia and rare macroconidia

27
Q

What are the characteristics of microsporum?

A

Have numerous macroconidia and rare microconidia

28
Q

What are the characteristics of epidermophyton?

A

Have only macroconidia and no microconidia

29
Q

What are the diseases of the subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Sporotrichosis or Rose-grower’s disease
Mycotic keratitis
Initiated via skin or eye trauma

30
Q

What are the characteristics of sporotrichosis or Rose- growers disease?

A

Agent:Sporothrix schenckii
Symptoms: nodules and ulcers along lymphatics or fixed site of inoculation
ID: budding, cigar shaped yeast @ 37C
Rosette pattern @ 25 C

31
Q

What are the agents of mycotic keratitis?

A 
Fusarium Solani- Crescent shaped macroconidia
Candida albicans (pseudohyphae)
Alternaria species (unusual macroconidia)
32
Q

What are the symptom of mycotic keratitis?

A

Raised corneal ulcers with occasional satellite lesions, plaques and hypopyon (pus in the anterior chamber)

33
Q

What are the agents of systemic mycoses?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum causes histoplasmosis
Blastomyces dermatidis causes North American blastomycosis
Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis causes South American blastomycosis
Coccidioides immitis causes Coccidioidomycosis

34
Q

What are the characteristics of histoplasmosis?

A

Found along major midwest river valleys (Ohio, Mississippi)
5% affected with cough, chest pain, hoarseness resulting in acute or chronic progressive lung disease
95% contaminated calcification with no symptoms
Rarely a primary skin disease, usually a secondary lesion in the skin

35
Q

How to ID histoplasmosis?

A

@ 25C mold with tuberculate macroconidia
@ 37C in vivo small yeast parasitic in a macrophage
@ 37C in vitro yeast form in chains
Buckshot appearance

36
Q

What are the characteristics of North American blastomycosis?

A

Symptoms: Granulomatous and suppurative lesions of the lung with eventual skin lesions, resembles tuberculosis
ID: Thick walled yeast with a broad base @ 37C
Broad base budding yeast

37
Q

What are the characteristics South American Blastomycosis?

A

Initial lung disease with metastasis to skin and many organs
Long latency with positive skin test, restricted to central and South America
ID: @ 25C septate hypha
@ 37C yeast with multiple buds
«Captain ship wheel»

38
Q

What are the characteristics of coccidioidomycosis?

A

Flu like to disseminated due to delayed hypersensitivity
Mostly in SW USA and Mexico
ID: @ 37C spherule filled with endospores
@ 25C septate hyphae with arthrospores
Erythema nodosum (red bumps) common

39
Q

What are some opportunistic infections?

A 
Candidiasis caused by C. Albicans, C. Glabrata
Cryptococcosis by C. Neoformans
Pneumocystis pneumonia by P.jiroveci
Aspergilosis by A. Fumigatus
Mucomycosis by Rhizopus, absidia, Mucor
Microspora by Enterocytozoon bienusi
40
Q

What are the symptoms of candidiasis?

A

Itchy white patches of creamy or cheesy growth in the mouth, vagina, esophagus, urethritis (burning while urinating)
Occurred worldwide and associated with AIDS, diabetes, IC host

41
Q

How to ID candidiasis?

A

C. Albicans produced germ tubes in serum

All other candida produced pseudohyphae and chlamydospores when grown on corn meal agar

42
Q

What are the characteristics of the crytococcosis?

A

Mild lung infection followed by skin lesion and meningitis
ID: yeast with a large capsule (C. Neoformans only yeast producing capsule)
India ink stain

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Pneumocystis pneumonia?

A

Common childhood infection reactivated in AIDS patients

ID: Characteristics cysts with cup forms and dot like cyst wall thickenings in lung with methenamine silver stain

44
Q

What are the characteristics of Aspergillosis?

A

Disease in IC patients, fungus ball in the paranasal sinus, lung or brain
ID: hyphae with acute angles
Mold with septate, multinucleate mycelium with a coenocytic, rough conidiophore

45
Q

What are the characteristics of mucormycosis,zygomycosis?

A

Diabetes associated
Fungus ball in eyes, sinus, lung leading to necrosis
ID: hyphal forms

46
Q

What are the characteristics of microspora , microsporidia?

A

Slim disease
AIDS associated chronic diarrhea
Spores seen by gram staining urine, CSF

Microbiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions