Mycology Flashcards
What type of fungi is Malassezia furfur?
What do you see on the KOH?
Yeast (Superficial)
budding and hyphae (spaghetti and meatballs)
What type of fungi is Trichophyton?
Mold - Tinea
Cutaneous
What type of fungi is Epidermophyton?
Mold - Tinea
Cutaneous
What type of fungi is Microsporum?
Mold - Tinea
Cutaneous
What type of fungi is Candida?
Dimorphic
Cutaneous
What type of fungi is Sporothrix schenckii?
Dimorphic
Subcutaneous
What type of fungi is Histoplasma capsulatum?
Dimorphic
systemic
What type of fungi is Blastomyces dermatitidis?
Dimorphic
systemic
What type of fungi is Coccidioides immitis?
Dimorphic - Valley fever
systemic
What type of fungi is Cryptococcus neoformans?
yeast
opportunistic
What type of fungus is Aspergillus fumigatus?
mold
opportunistic
What type of fungus is Rhizopus species?
Mold
opportunistic
Name the superficial fungi and the disease
Pityriasis versicolor - Malassezia furfur
Name the 2 cutaneous fungi and their diseases
Tinea - Trichophyton, Epidermophyton, Microsporum
Candidiasis - Candida albicans
Name the subcutaneous fungi and the disease
Sporotrichosis - Sporothrix schenckii
Name the 3 systemic fungi and their diseases
Histoplasmosis - Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomycosis - Blastomyces dermatidis
Valley fever - Coccidioides immitis
Name the 4 opportunistic fungi and their diseases
Cryptococcosis - Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillosis - Aspergillus fumigatus -> ABPA, aspergilloma, invasive lung infection
Mucormycosis - Rhizopus species
Pneumocystis pneumonia - Pneumocystis jirovecci
What enzyme do fungi secrete?
keratinase - breaks down keratin
What do you see on the KOH for Tinea? Culture?
KOH- branched hyphae
Culture- hyphae, spores
MOLD
What are the rash characteristics of candida infections?
will involve the creases and have satellite lesions
creamy discharge in thrush and vaginitis
Where is Sporothrix schenckii found?
soil, plants, ROSE THORNS
What is the characteristic lesion in Sporotrichosis?
subcutaneous nodule - necrotic, ulcerated
Where is Histoplasma capsulatum found?
Mississippi + Ohio rivers
bird and bat droppings
Where is Blastomyces dermatidis found?
Mississippi + Ohio rivers
decomposing wood and leaves
What does Valley fever form in the lungs?
spherules containing spores that help spread to rest of the body
What are the symptoms of Coccidioides immitis?
mild URI, pneumonia, fever, cough
What is a significant morphology of Cryptococcus neoformans?
wide capsule
Where is Cryptococcus neoformans found?
soil and bird droppings
How do you diagnose Cryptococcosis?
visualize yeast in spinal fluid
antigen or antibody serology
Where do you find Aspergillus fumigatus?
grows on decaying vegetation
How do you get Aspergillosis?
infections through broken skin or inhaled
What is the diagnostic characteristic of Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
cough up brownish phlegm with hyphae
What is an aspergilloma and how do you treat it?
fungal ball in lung
surgical removal
How do you get Murcormycosis?
inhaled spores -> blood vessel invasion
What fungi causes Murcormycosis?
Rhizopus species
What is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
How do you treat a Pneumocystis jirovecci infection?
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
prophylactic antibiotics
What are the characteristics of yeasts?
single cell
aerobic
round
reproduce asexually - budding, pseudohyphae
What are the characteristics of mold?
multicellular colonies
aerobic
branching hyphae
asexual reproduction -> spores
